They have two kinds of bucklers with which to
Decade ir. book v i chapter P S the whole person, and a smaller.”—
remarktblf theatathe T T * " f lists of the Javanese, it is
th™ yea ro f Sak a m- T ja7flmS is Stated 1580 u Salivana 1502, which would correspond wtioth h tahvee ytaekaer no fp lCacher isint
I t is' r Sp (er th6 first arrival of the Portuguese in Malacca.
A r c h i S o L l ï l Portuguese may have introduced the sword into the
the P o r t ^ U t f ? Malayan word pâd-ang, may be no more than a corruption of
certainlv hfi iO t» d a word dlfflcult of pronunciation to a Malay, and which would
matcWook ? / “ r m! -Way 01 an0ther’ 38 in the “ ample of ’esgingarda, a
k very clekX ^ satmggar or even tinggar. Yet the sword, a straight one,
s very clearly represented m the sculptures of some of the ancient Hindu temples of
^ Î heTSplr did °ne °f Boro-budor, whichts beSved to
for tW k ® of Christ. To be represented m a myth, and to be “ used,”
things. expression m the Javanese chronicle, are, however, two very different
T.
TAeAai ; d in thn P ^ J “ 06/ Batangas and island of Luzon,
and 14° 6' t m ? of Bombon, or Bongbon. I t is situated between latitudes 13” 52'
west of 3 -0m n? to s°uth 5 leagues, with a breadth from east to
T h ts not b?f? f t?n a ,clroTumferenc|.o f 15. I t is of such depth that, in some parts,
t has not been fathomed. In every direction it is surrounded by a ridge of hills so
^ l^ -lnVf in e /C°?h ^ t0 re df criPtion of Spanish writers, the semblance of a huge
t h ™ f o f .<?T h» vl oflcea"no , .>Inan ?dh ew Thicdhs, ta ?t fa *d5is talankcee , has thaen l oMoke to wf hai cpha grtoieasll yu nsduebrleagues
Sid1S i ♦ i * °fi,a form’ and has a circumference of three
S ¡ S ghi above1the ,level of the sea of 600 Spanish varas, or 1667 PWlkT,
k l * f a 7°lc. T c “ » ■ which is a lake of about a league n
h P « P 8 HE 8 •evel Wlth the lake of Taal> and of great depth. The whole
in a few snntt f 18 .1,no.rust®d with a coat of hard lava about two inches thick, except
whpYoit has been washed away by the action of the periodical rains.
In such spots grows the only plant which the island produces. This is called bv the
? ( l? ? erf a Koemgii. a species of cane allied to saecharum, or sugar)
Tnhee iissllaanndd ooff tthhee vo*1l cano h."a!d? fb!e en* *c uf?l°t-idv aft°erd d eweri>th j uc“rogples foowf lc> oatntodn p iagnedo nsother
products down to 1716, when, on the 24th of September in that year, a terrible
volcanic eruption took place from it. This was accompanied by detonations resem?
b mg the sound of heavy artillery, which were heard in the city of Man 111» 50 miles
ft h S C e d by-?hi ° t l 0f r th3uake Mdch produced a commotion i X ’k L “ if
p rWi,1 Qaglta‘ed by a hurricane. This state of things lasted during Thursday
Friday, and Saturday, and did not cease until Sunday. All the fish in the lake lar Jo
OOnn SSuumnnddaay;,W bberein g the fourth day sm°nc et hteh esk ocorems m“e nac^emen ta so fif t thhee yerLupdt iboene, nt hbeo dseuln!
became again visible, and then the water of the lake was seen “ black as ink ” says
f c j p l narrative of the catastrophe. In 1754, a still more violent eruption
tke aame volcano, for on this occasion the towns of Sala, Lepa
r1„r, apan’ and Taal were destroyed by it. This eruption was accompanied by a total
carrWI ev i 1® from fel1 abundantly in the streets of Manilla, and were
•17fi4 W + T i’ aS provinces of Bulacan and Pampanga. No eruption since
, . has taken place, now above a hundred years. The fishery of the lake of Taal
5? 1? suooessfully prosecuted by the natives, who make use of wears
and stakes after the manner of the Chinese. Some of the fish, weighing from rix to
PUIB? P.ounda weight, are considered to be the most delicate of all those of the
Philippines. They are chiefly caught in the river by which the lake discharges its
waters in the sea, and, it is said, on their way to spawn in the latter, X o u f h the
contrary seems more probable. ’ *= lne
TAAL DE BOMBON. This is the name of the town which was built after the
destruction of the first of the same name, which was situated on the borders of the
lake. I t stands on the shore of the bay of Balayan; this site, for safety, havkg been
chosen as far as practicable from the scene of the volcano. The country around it is
described as of great fertility, much of it highly cultivated, and the rest affording
pasture, which supports herds of oxen, horses, and hogs. The town of Taal seems to
be the largest in the Philippines, next to Manilla, for by the census of 1849, it contained
a population of 41,347, of whom 8546 were subject to the capitation tax.
TABANAN. The name of one of the states of the island, of Bali. See Bali.
TAGALA, but correctly Tagalog, is the name of one of the six principal nations
and languages of the island of Luzon. The nation speaking this tongue embraces the
province of Tondo, with its capital Manilla, with the provinces of Bulacan, Bataan,
Batangas, Laguna, Nueva-Ecija, Tayabas, and Cavité. The Tagala language is jilso
spoken in Mindoro, the province of Zamboanga in Mindano, and the Marian Islands.
The language and nation therefore amounts to a population of 1,170,000, or to near
one-third part of the native inhabitants of the Spanish Philippines.
TALAGA, from the Sanscrit taraga, a pond, tank, or reservoir, is the name of a
district of the Sunda country of Cheribon in Java, which it takes from a beautiful
lake which has the epithet bodas, in the Sunda language signifying “ white.”
TALANG. The name of a mountain of Sumatra, rising to the height of 10,500
feet above the level of the sea. I t lies inland from the Netherland settlement of
Padang, the most fruitful part of the Dutch possessions in the island, distant about
25 miles.
TALATTT, called also Tubour, is the name of a group of islands lying about halfway
between the Moluccas and the Philippine island of Mindano, and to the northeast
of the Sangir group, at the distance of 22 leagues. Three of them, called
Karkelang, Salibabo or Lirong, and Kabruang, are of considerable size and inhabited,
—the rest mere islets. The first of these is the largest, being about nine leagues long
from north to south. M. Melville de Cambée estimates the superficies of the whole
group at 18 geographical square leagues, or 9'9 myriametres. The people appear
to be a simple race, with some amount of civilisation, for they rear yams, batatas,
and coco nuts, and breed hogs, goats, and the common fowl. Of their languages
nothing is known, but in race they are Malayan. The Dutch claim, without apparently
exercising sovereignty over this group.
TAMARIND (Tajiarindicus Indictjs). A frequent name for this tree in
Javanese is asâm, which, however, signifies also, sour or acid, either as a noun, or
adjective. Its more appropriate name in the same language is kamal. The Malays
call the tree and fruit Àsâm-Jawa, that is, the acid of Java. The name asâm, which
may here be rendered “ the acid,” has extended to almost all the languages of the
Malay Archipelago, the only exception being the Lainpung of Sumatra, where the
tree is called by the Javanese one, kamal. Both words are native, and not foreign,
and therefore, as far as we can trust to language, the plant is indigenous, at least in
Java. The tree, a handsome one, is very extensively planted in Java, both for its
wood and fruit. The last serves the natives for all the purposes of vinegar. “ The
Sundas,” says De Barros, “ have abundance of ordinary flesh, much venison, and
abundant corn, with tamarinds, which serve them for vinegar.”
TAMBALAN. The name in our maps of a group of Islands. See Tihbalan'.
TANAH, most probably from the Sanscrit thana. This is the most frequent word
to express, land, earth, or ground; and also country, land, and region, both in
Malay and Javanese. Placed before the name of a people, it represents the
country they inhabit, as Tanah-Jawa, the land of the Javanese, or that portion
of Java occupied by the proper Javanese. Tanah-Sunda, the country of the Sundas,
or that part of the same island inhabited by the Sunda nation, Tanah-Bugis,
the land of the Bugis, or country of this nation, frequently extended to the whole
island of Celebes, because the Bugis are its chief nation ; and Tanah-Kling, the land
of the Kalinga nation, or Tâlugus, often extended to the whole country of the Hindus,
because the Tâlugus were the people of Hindustan best known to the inhabitants
of the Malayan Archipelago. This is very much the manner in which the name of
our own country is formed.
TANAH-LAUT, literally, “ sea-land,” is the name of the most southern portion
of Borneo, lying east of Banjarmasin, and opposite to the distant islands of Bali and
Lomboc. The name is most probably derived from its character of being flooded by
the Bea.