SA! fAthfi mTw! iS °nef of, thte nuames of Bima, one of the heros of the Hindu poem
o r i w f a r ! f Javanese epitomes go under the name of Bratavuda
t e : s L t s s r X “ “ of B“ " ■* ■ ” “ 4 *>“ »"*= °*
SA SpAa n l t r ^ eaUed Ibfa ue° ’- T , o f t h ® la rSe r P h ilip p in e is lan d s , c alled b y th e
S H S S S L & K V pamtef men-” PtTUes north-east of the island of Leyte,
§ § separatedfromthe axtf “ aeasterH « * < * Luzon,-the peninsula of Camarines
r .i firsi by the narrow strait of San Juanico, and from the last bv
lonffitu d S ni 2 r r l t r i ' 5 ^ V ^ 3 bf r en n°rth latitudes n ° V and 12° 36', and east
lkr iv t u ■ , 1 t 25 37 ’ aud has an extreme length of 140 miles its creates!
sounre obl6lng i ‘ , ooast line of 376 miles, and an area of 4574 geographical
Rico in the’ f'! h1lch^ ouldmako ? abouL 300 miles larger than the islfnd of Porto
hi,?™» t l the middle the last century, Samar formed with Leyte one province
but was then separated from it, and has since formed an independent one In 1818
S p i t e a s i i t e t e *
themselves, servmg as places of refuge to them when invaded. inhabitants
SAMARANG. This is the name of one of the finest provinces of Java and of it»
01 indentation of the coast, which extends for about 130 miles from the Point of
of Kadoe hv tL L v south-west the province is bounded and separated from that
^ “T °f .ibem ^ ig a b l e except for boats, In d Iven t L o X to the
from north6 to south ? ° t h lW " * T ' v thr°Ugh ft from east to west, and another
bro^d i n i s « rt, ’ “ tending across the island, here about 70 miles
n . JK, . • A the population of this province amounted to 753,315, composed of
Qn^ A°Wlng el! men.ts : Javanese, 732,098; Chinese, and their mixed S n d a n t f
with’t l f ^ a’ a eS° i Ce!ebe3’ with their descendants, 2277; and Europeans’
Z t i tT a n i2 6 ntoat h ? 6X S1V<3 - f m iv aF '- W i The reIati™ population gives
Z Malav or Phil?n T i f - mile, which is by far th e densest of any portion of
rectlvdete ^ in e ^ r t f rC^ P Kg°^ f ° u Pt that rectly detei mined. I t is to be observed, however, °thf atth eth iissl apnodp uolfa tBioanli > had bceoenrS
S Smce decIined ’ for by the census of 1850, we find it to be no
on?1,,1/ ! 5’ the of homed cattle in the province was reckoned at 110 000 •
and of horses at 7500. In the same year, exclusive of corn, it produced foi
lbsP° o f t T ’ T* ^ 2'00° Cwt8' of coffee> 50.000 of clayed sugar; and 1,200 000
aboutnmilef0’ S°me teaaDd cochineM. The town is fituated on a river
about a mile from the sea, m south latitude 6° 57' 20", and east longitude 110° 20' 30"
be properiv calkd F - d Surabaya, the only three towns^of Java that can
not been fabblle? ito° .aa sceritPai-6na ni-tis ap“rde se18n ta apmIaoCuen °t.f cIotn siisd etrhaeb lee nptroeppuolta toiof na, llb utht eI choamve
merce of the interior of the island lying behind it, thus embracing the richest and most
populous provinces of the island. The fishery is so large, that aboTt 5000 of the
praus, it nas an Jiuropean coasting crait of thirty vesBseeslsid. es numerous^nat^e trading
SAMBAS, is the name of a Malay state on the western side of Borneo, and now
tthhalut sisllaanndd. TToo lthhee nnolrrtthh1, it is vbo*un °dIe fd tbyN tehteh etreirarnitdo rPyr oovf inthcee osfu ltthane wofe sBto cronaesot aotf
SANDAL WOOD 375 SANGIR
Tanjung Datu, literally “ Elders’ promontory.” Inland, it is bounded by the country
of various wild tribes, and to the west by the sea. The town of the same name is
situated on the tributary of a considerable river, about 50 miles from the embouchure
of the main stream, which embouchure is itself in north latitude 1° 12' 3", and east
longitude 108° 58' 30". Sambas is purely a Malay town, the houses being raised on
posts along the river side, or standing on rafts moored to the shore, after the manner
of the town of Borneo, and the Siamese capital, Bangkok. There is not a furlong
of road in the whole country, nor a single beast of burthen, all communication being
by boat. With the exception of a few patches of cultivation, the whole country is,
in fact, a low primeval jungle. The population, the number of which is not stated,
consists of Malays, various wild tribes or Dayaks, and a considerable number of
Chinese engaged in gold-washing, for it is with Sambas that the gold-fields of Borneo
commence.
SANDAL WOOD, (Santalum album). The wood called in commerce white sandal
is the produce of a lowly tree bearing a general resemblance to a large myrtle,
although belonging to a different natural family of plants. I t is a native of several
of the islands of the Malay Archipelago, but more especially of Timur, and of the
island which takes its European name from it. From these it extends to the South
Sea Islands, having been found abundant in the Fiji, Marquesa, and Sandwich groups.
It is, therefore, a very widely-distributed tropical plant, since it is also found in the
forests of Malabar. The only name by which it is known to the Malays and Javanese
is a Sanscrit one, although, no doubt, it has native ones in the languages of the countries
in which it is indigenous. This name is chandana, which the natives of the
Philippines write sandana, but apply to a different tree. I t may be inferred from
this, that as in the case of the clove and nutmeg, its use was first made known to the
natives of the Archipelago by the Hindu traders, who had immemorially frequented
the islands. Barbosa mentions it as an article of native trade, before the arrival of
the Portuguese, and quotes it in his “ Calicut Price Current,” as follows : “ Sandalwood,
white and cedar-coloured, which grows in an island called Timur, costs the
Farazuola from 40 to 60 fanoes.” The foreign consumers of sandal-wood, to be used
as a perfume, an incense, or a fancy wood, are the Hindus and Chinese, but especially
the last, with whom the consumption is still large.
SANDAL-WOOD ISLAND, called by the natives of Celebes and the Malays,
Sumba, is a considerable island of the Malayan Archipelago on its southern outskirts,
lying south of the western end of Floris, and distant from this island about
30 miles. The tenth degree of south latitude runs through it, and except Timur and
the islands adjacent to it, it is the most southerly land of the Archipelago. The
country is mountainous, and like the neighbouring ones is, most probably, volcanic.
Its area i3 estimated at 3786 geographical square miles. The inhabitants are of
the Malayan race, but a distinct nation, speaking a peculiar language. They have
made considerable progress in civilisation, cultivating rice and maiz, the last being
their principal bread corn. They possess the goat, buffalo, and horse, the last in
considerable numbers, and said to be the largest and best of the whole Archipelago.
They are clothed in cottons, not their own, but received in exchange for sandalwood,
bees’-wax, swallows’ esculent nests, and tortoise-shell. Like the Javanese, and
people of Bali and Lomboc, their houses are not raised on posts, but built on the
ground, showing that they are not a maritime but an agricultural people. They do
not, indeed, go abroad, and have no vessels larger than their fishing boats, their
trade being carried on by the Bugis. Of the number of the inhabitants nothing
is known.
SANGIR is the name of an island surrounded by many smaller ones, situated
between Celebes and Gilolo to the south, and Mindano to the north. The usual
anchoring^ground for European ships is on the western side of Sangir and lies in north
latitude 3° 28', and east longitude 125° 44'. The area of this island is computed at
208 geographical square miles. I t is of volcanic formation, containing many extinct
craters and several active volcanos, so that by it, we trace the great volcanic band
from the Malay to the Philippine Archipelago. The inhabitants of Sangir are of the
Malay race, but seem a peculiar people, speaking a peculiar language. Sir Stamford
Raffles has given a list of forty-eight words of it, in which, the numerals excepted,
I can find but eight that are Malay or Javanese. The people have acquired some
amount of civilisation, and are simple and inoffensive. Before the arrival of the
Portuguese, the Sangir islands had been conquered by the people of Ternate, one of
the Spice Islands.