much in the same manner as that ancient and imnerfeet 1 * , Z
more plastic and manageable substance. This consists of tho ; i V m^4e 0 a
the paper mulberry, the Broussonetia papyrffem o f b o t l i s t s ^ ^ T * * > ° f
which the South Sea islanders make their clothing 1 ^ ™ same P^ut from
plant ls gluga; and of the fabric d&luwang in the v uW I n T ^ U T “10 ? iu®
t s a s r * - — - f i f f A i a r s
PA^ A- This ,word is a slight corruption of the Malay word which is written
T f t S E ? f * tenure, as in ^ h fh a iro f’ 3 “ h ^ d
Tanah-papuwah are terms which signify crisp or wonllv papuwah and
tries, but I see no advantage in such an innovation , 1 , 1 c neighbouring coun-
T S ™ - i i i f e f e f ? 'Wr<" *
o f ., sis; S™ SEtS 111 H “ writing quill. In lieu of proper wings they have long1 feathers ofdiffe as a
like great ornamental plumes. Their tail resembles th a t . I I i Tf, ,C0 011rS’
feathers, except those of the wmgT aroJ V aJ * rush- A11«le other
when the wind blows. They informed us that th e s e w T ' r neve,r %> except
paiudise, and they called them Bolondinata, that is ‘ birds of God te™strial
with the Spice Islands, to which the prepared birdswerebrought frfm^th °
country, New Guinea, as they still continue to he The <5 S • , ° m * elr natlve
evidently paraphrased the Malay or Javanese name into A v f ? ® °r 5tugueae
to Pigafetta’s account of their «rigip. a n d X Z t h ^ / b n t S ^ ^ l S ^
European languages. Before the arrival of Europeans the Malav and °Tflv
traders seem to have brought the birds of Paradise to th e we + Javanese
Archipelago from the Spfce Islands, *he
consumer^ l6W0Uld ” * “ de“ either by Hindu or Mah“mm’edan
PAEAGTTA. This is the name of the northern part of the large island of Pala
wan, and frequent y given by the Spaniards to the whole island. It forms nart of the
province of Calamianes. See P alawan and Calamianbs. part of the
PA,1II"PAf ,'T‘e name of a Place on the western side of the south-western
peninsula of Celebes in south latitude 4° 2' 30", and east longitude 119“ 36' I t £
situated on a bay which penetrates the land in’ a northern d ire c tio n ^ the extent
of some seven miles. This affords a safe harbour for native craft and t ,I IP
| S°edeen"ngm ¡ ¡ ( f j f f g “ the BaS - g | f g S belonging to th e p ^ ^
PASAE, which occurs not unfrequently prefixed to, and part of name« of
PASIG. This is the name of one of the largest towns in the Philippines, situated
on the river to which it gives name, and in a fertile and populous country. In 1850
it contained 4000 houses, many of them of solid materials and Spanish architecture,
and a population of 22,106.
PASIE, probably Tanak-pasir, “ sand-land,” is the name of a Malay state on the
eastern side of Borneo, or that which fronts the south-western peninsula of Celebes.
The principal town lying on a river, navigable only for small craft, the mouth of
which is in south latitude 1° 44' and east longitude 116° 26' 30", is about 45 miles
' up this stream. I t was described to me in 1824, as containing about 400 native
houses, but the banks of the river, along its whole course, as many as 4000; which,
at the usual estimate, would give a total population of 20,000. The inhabitants
consist of Malays; of Bugis settlers from Celebes, the most influential and enterprising
part of the population; and of several tribes of Dayaks, or wild aborigines,
the most numerous of which were described under the name of Madang. The products
of this very rude and scantily-peopled tropical forest rather than country,
consist of esculent swallows’-nests, bees’-wax, ratans, damar, and a little gold-dust,
obtained from the wild inhabitants of the interior. The external trade is wholly
conducted by the resident Bugis.
PASOEEOAN, (pasuruhan, “ place of the betel pepper,” ) is the name of a fine
province of Java, embracing the western portion of that narrow part of the island
which runs parallel to Madura. It extends from sea to sea,—is bounded to the
west by the province of Surabaya, and to the east by that of Besuki. It is computed
to contain an area of 1784 square miles; and by the census of 1850 had a
population of 364,497, of which, 842 were Europeans or their descendants, and 2369
Chinese and their descendants. The native inhabitants consisted of Javanese, with
settlers from Madura retaining their own language and customs. The relative population
is about 204 inhabitants to the square mile, which is far below that of the
central provinces of the island, and even below the average one of the whole island.
In 1843, its horned cattle were reckoned to be 90,000, and its horses at 24,000. This
Netherland province comprehends the native ones of Pasuruhan, Bangil, and Malang.
Within it are some of the highest mountains of Java, as Arjuna, 12,000 feet; and
Sumira, the highest peak of the whole island, 12,500 feet. Both of these are active
volcanos, and it contains, besides, the Brama with its “ sea of sand.’’ . Situated, also,
in this province are the Hindu ruins of Singasari. The staple agricultural products
are rice, pulses, cotton, and sugar-cane ; to which the Dutch, for the upland soils,
have added coffee. The northern parts of Pasoeroean were acquired by the Dutch iu
1743 from the Susunans of Java as a result of the war of the Chinese insurrection,
and the southern in 1777.
PASUNDAN; a derivative from Sunda, the name of the nation oeenpying the
western part of the island of Java, signifies “ place or country of the Sunda people; ’
and is a name given to it by the proper Javanese to distinguish it from their own
country, which alone they designate Jawa or Java.
PATANI. The name of the most northerly of the Malay states on the eastern
side of the Peninsula. It is situated between Kalanten and Sungora, the last
the most southern province of Siam. Its chief town, or rather village, consists
of a couple of hundred huts, lying on a shallow river, in north latitude 7°, and
east longitude 101° 85'. The population of Patani, wholly Malay, is thought to have
amounted in 1780, to 90,000; and in 1832 to have fallen off to 54,000, both figures,
probably, greatly exaggerated. In the last-named year it underwent the last of many
invasions by the Siamese, when several thousands of its inhabitants were carried
into captivity. I t is, at present, understood to be incorporated with Siam. Patani
in common with every other state of the Malay peninsula, Malacca included, have
been, at one time or another, more or less tributary to Siam; the degree of subjection
depending on the relative power or weakness of the paramount state and its
tributaries. Prom their propinquity, Patani on the eastern, and Queda on the
western side of the Peninsula, have suffered most from the paramount state. Mr.
.Newboldt, in his history bf the Malayan states of the Peninsula, furnishes the names
of nineteen princes of two dynasties who reigned in Patani. At the usual estimate
of 20 years to a reign, this would give a period of 380 years for the history of the
state; but as it has, chronologically, neither a beginning nor an end, the statement is
necessarily of little value. .
PATT, (literally., “ me al” or “ farina.” ) This is the name of one of the four