214 LANUN
lan"ua<*es of the Philippines the word is pronounced kalis, and signifies a sword. In
Malay °bungah, is a flower, but in the languages of the Philippines, deprived of its
aspirate, it signifies fruit. Bli, in Malay, means, to buy, but in the Philippine tongues
it signifies to buy and sell, that is, to traffic. Banua, m Malay, signifies country or
region, but in the languages of Polynesia, land, earth, or soil. Jaran is a horse in
Javanese, but in the Bugis of Celebes, it is converted into anarang. Rice in the husk,
in Malay, is padi, in Javanese, pari, and in the Madagascar it is ya&tfflmwr, m
Malay, and fiu, in Javanese, is the coco-nut palm: in the Madagascar, it is buafiu, the
first part of the word bua being the Malayan word for fruit without its aspirate,
and the last the proper name of the palm. In Malay and Javanese, stadawa
is saltpetre, but in the Bugis the word is converted into sunrawa, while m the
Philippine tongues it is sunyava, and made to mean, not saltpetre, but sulphur. Ihe
verb to sew or stitch is in Malay and Javanese jait, and in the Madagascar it is
salt, to which is annexed a favourite particle, ra. Tanun, m Malay and Javanese,
means, to weave. This in the Bugis is pronounced tonungi, and m Madagascar,
tenuna, signifying, in this last language, a web of cloth. In Javanese the numeral
three is talu and we have the four following versions of it on as many dialects of the
Polynesian, tulu, torn, kulu, and kolu. Of the Javanese numeral s e v e n pitu we
have in the same dialects also four versions, fitu, witu, kitu, and kiku, and of the nu-
meral eight, wolu, of the same tongue, we have in the same dialects, m like manner,
four versions, walu, valu, waru, and vau. In the first class of languages, or those of
which the Malay and Javanese are the type, the corruptions of sound are much fewer
and less extravagantly divergent, while of the sense there are hardly any at all.
LANSIUM. Botanists have given this name to a genns of plants of the natural
order of Meliacese, which consist of moderately sized trees, bearing fruits peculiar to
the islands of the Malay Archipelago, and, according to the taste of Europeans,
ranking next to the Mangostin. The fruit springs m racemes from the naked trunk
and branches, and is about the size of a pigeon’s-egg, having a tough white skin ot a
bitter taste. The edible part is the pulpy semi-transparent envelope of the seed.
There appear to be two permanent cultivated varieties, if they be not, indeed, distinct
species of this genus, the duku and the langseh, called also langsat by the Malays and
Javanese : the first, which is that most esteemed, is of a globular shape, and the last
of an oblong one.
LANUN This is the name given by the Malays to the boldest, stoutest, and
most dangerous of all the piratical nations of the Archipelago They are the same
people caUed by the Spaniards of the Philippines Illano but whether either of these
be the proper name of the nation is not ascertained. From all accounts, the native
country of this people is at the head of the great bay, which deeply indents the
southern side of the great island of Mindano, the second in size of the Philippine
„roup From this locality, these rovers issue in fleets of stout, well-armed praus, and
scour the whole extent of the Malay and Philippine Archipelago, their cruises often
extending to a whole year. On the northern coast of Borneo, they have formed
settlements, as well as on some of the smaller islands north of it. At one time, they
had done so as far west as Banca, and even on some of the islands at the eastern
end of the Straits of Malacca, which, in all probability, would have been permanent,
but for the presence of the European nations. The Phdippme islands north of
Mindano, are even more infested by them than those of the Malayan Archipelago,
and here their piracies are coeval with the first settlement of the Spaniards.
The predatory habits of the Lanuns, beyond the Philippines, seem to be of comparatively
modern origin, for certainly their piracies are not mentioned by early European
writers. On the contrary, the faithful Dampier, who sojourned six months m Mindano,
and close to the present locality of this people, describes them as an inland nation without
any allusion to their predatory habits. “The Mindanao people more paiticularly so
called,” says he, “ are the greatest nation in the island, and trading by sea with other
nations, they are, therefore, the more civil. I shall say but little ot the rest, being
less known to me, but so much as has come to my knowledge, take as follows. There
are, besides, the Hilanoones (Lanuns), as they call them, or the mountaineers the Sologues,
and the Alfoores. The Hilanoones live in the heart of the country They have
little or no commerce by sea, yet they have proes that row with twelve or fourteen oars
a niece They enioy the benefit of the gold mines, and with their gold buy foreign
commodities of the Mindanao people. They have, also, plenty of bees-wax, which
thev exchange for other commodities. The Sologues inhabit the north-western end
of the island. They are the least nation of all. They trade to Manila m proes, and
LAUT 215 LEGASPI
„ , . , , . j-icm/lH but have no commerce with the Mindanao
to some of the ^ g ^ X fhis “ count that Dampier had a personal knowledge only
P!°P. V sp ^ T^nuns the habits of both of which have certainly greatly
of the Mindanayans and > for the first hold, at present, little commercial
changed since he saw them in 10 ^ neighbourhood; and the last, from being
intercourse with the o th e riA ious rovew. The nation which he calls Sologues,
“ iwW cV h ^n p p oT sto b e a people of Mindano are, no doubt, the inhabitants of
T AUTnelf h t r s1tL Sm it'g e n e r a l name among the nations of LAUT. This is tne most gene ^ygg g g g ^ Jayanege) whtoh eh aAverc bheipsiedleasg oth rfeoer
the sea or ocean, f d . C0mp0sition in the names of places, as Pulo-laut,
T ATTT PULO The words, contrary to the nsnal rule of Malay syntax are, m
LAUth iis- irn sUtaLnUc.e , rmeveer sed on> J ^ a t „grroouunnddss I do^ no ^t kno w1Q. toT uhis ^ n abmreea dist hg; iivyeinn gto 0 faf
considerable island, about do mues 5 > , 1 frrvm if VvV a narrow channel,
scantily inhabited by Malays, and belongs to the state of Banjarmasm.
T 1 „ , AT«. t t t t t t t t A WATCH the clove-bark of commerce. This is the bark
to China. . , . ,, . »
LAWU The name of a mountain in the interior of Java, and m e province
character. The first bears an inscription with the yeai o ^ 1434
of 1354, corresponding respectively with the years of Christ 1439 and
eventually be discovered, as w a s the case with pr °
year 1823. Some ancient coins of it have been found in J a v a , the metal bavmg
bably been imported from China, a country from which are also brought the red and
white oxides of this metal for painting. i? -u hjt i
LEDANG-. This is the Malay name of the highest mountain of the Malay
Peninsula, one of the two which the Portuguese th°u^ . ^ ° P?a d ¿om th ^ tow n
ntber of far greater elevation being m Sumatra. Ledang lies inland horn the town
night falls at the summit to 64°.
I pm ASP I Don Miguel de Legaspi, the conqueror of the Philippines, and their
first Spanish governor. The command of an expedition for the conquest of the
Philippines, after two such enterprises had proved unsuccessful, was entrusted to
Legasph and fitted out in New Spain. I t consisted of five vessels only,unost of them
of small size carrying, soldiers and sailors inclusive, no more , •
was the expedition which achieved the conquest of countries far more ext“ ™
than the kingdom of Spain itself. In it was Padre Urdaneta, a Dominican monk, who
had visited the Philippines in the last of the previous expeditions accompamed by
other ecclesiastics of the same order, parties who turned out the most effective agents
of the conquest. Legaspi sailed from the port of Natividad, m Mexico, on the 21st
of November, 1564, and crossing the Pacific, reached the body of the ^ S t o t h e
the 13th of February, 1565. Then began the conquest, four and ^ ^
discovery by Magellan, and five and twenty after the conquest of Mexico by Cortez,