b o o k * r h e year 17 7 9 being celebrated for the rife o f the armed
_v-l> neutrality, the northern powers fent out naval armaments:
that o f Denmark, which was fitting out in the fpring o f that
year, confifted of ten ihips o f the line, four frigates, and two
iloops o f 20 guns ; and the expence o f the equipment was
chiefly fupplied by an additional duty o f one per cent laid
upon all imports, and half per cent upon exports. For the
manning of this fleet 1000 fixed failors were feledted, 3500
-regiftered from the country, and 1000 marines.
The chief nurfery * for the officers o f the navy is the
Academy of Marine Cadets, inftituted by Frederick IV. in
17 o 1. The foundation is for 60 cadets, who are maintained
and inftrudled in the theory of navigation at the expence of
the crown. Every year they make a cruife on board o f a
frigate. Befide the original number, other youths are admitted
into this academy, under the name o f volunteers, at
their own expence.
V. The eftablilhed religion o f Denmark is the Lutheran.
The hierarchy confifts o f 12 biihops, or fuperintendants;
fix in Denmark, four in Norway, and two in Iceland. There
is no archbiihop ; but the bifhop o f Zealand, who is firft in
rank, and the bifhop of Aggerhuus, are metropolitans.
The annual revenues o f the fees are as follow. In Denmark:
Zealand £ 10 0 0 ; Funen £ 7 6 a ; Aarhuus £600 ;
Aalborg ^400 ; and Ripan .£400, In Norway : Chriitiana,
or Aggerhuus, ¿"400 ; Chriftianfand £6o'o : Berghen £400;
•and Drontheim ^400. In Iceland : Skalholt ^ 1 5 0 ; and
H o l u n T h e f e two laft bifhopricks, although far inferior
in nominal value to the former, are, i f we take into
confideration the cheap -manner o f living in Iceland, perhaps,
equal in real profits to the largeit o f the others.
* L e t t res fu r le D an n em a rc , p„ 10.
The other clergy are provofts or archdeacons, parifh-
priefts, and chaplains. Each diocefe is divided into a certain
number o f diftridts, over which the provofts have the in-
fpedtion, and each diftridt into parifhes. A large parifh, befide
the principal church, has one or more additional chapels
o f eafe. The pariih-priefts receive their falaries principally
in glebe, tithes, and furplice fe e s ; and in fome places from
the voluntary contributions o f their parifhioners. The-
profits vary in the different parts according to the cheapnefs
o f provifions and other incidental circumftances. In Denmark
the livings feldom exceed ¿40 0, or fall fhort of ¿6 0
per a n n u m , Jutland excepted, in which peninfula there are
a few fcarcely worth ¿ 2 0 . In Norway the higheft may be
rated a t^ a o o , and the loweft at £60. In Iceland fome
parifhes fcarcely bring in £3 or ¿ 4 a year. A clergyman’s
widow ufually receives the whole profit o f her hufband’s cure
for the year immediately following his deceafe; and a pen-
fion from his fucceffor, amounting to the eighth o f the an-
:nual income.