M T R A V E L S - I N T O S W E D E N .
„ . . J 1 . ; , ■ ■ ,-**■ !
book uncertainty -derived from the want o f precife, general, and
i_Z^fpeeifick appellations. : 1 ' ' ‘ .... ...
“ The reader will not wonder that fuch extraordinary
“ merit ihould have beén duly noticed by the king o f Swe-
“ den. That monarch has honoured profeifor Bergman
« with the order o f V afa*; and all men o f fcience will; join
« in wiflring that he may long fill the chair he now occupies
“ fio much to the advancement o f fcience.”
T h e Taft work which I fir all mention of this great chy-
rnift, is the Sciagrapbia Miner alls, or Sketch of the Mineral
Kingdom ; which may be confidered as heads ó f a courfe of
ledtures drawn up for the ufe o f Mr. Ferbar, who obtained
the author’s permiffion to prefent it to the World.
This Ihort, but able trait, was firft publiihed in 178.2, at
Leipfick and Déífiau, and was immediately reprinted in England
and Italy.
* H a v in g omitted to g iv e an a c cou n t o f Commande rs , w h o wear th e g re a t crofs
'th e Swedifli orde rs , I ih a ll ta k e th is op p o r - pendent round 'the neck'. T h e r e are 24 o f
tu n ity o f men tion in g th em. T h e r e are fou r . this ;clafs , ¡but th e k in gp rop o fe s to add tour
o r d e r s : th e three fir it w ere inftituted in fo r the bifliops. a. K n ig h ts ,.w h o wear the
i -4.8 b y F red e r ic k I . ; an d th e la il b y th e fm a ll crofs pendent front th é button -hoie,
•prefent k in g . . - • . 1 ' ' -are,- e x c lu flv e ’ o f . foreigners , 48 ;, to- whom
I. T h e o rde r o f th e sé rap h in , o r th e b lu e th e k in g p ro p o fe to add f ix for. th e clergy,
r ib b a n d ; wh ich is appropriated to perfons T h is -o rd e r , b efo re th e in h ib it io n o f the
o f the firft ran k . I t admits on ly o f 24 mem- followin g o rde r o fV a f a , was conferred up-
b e ra exclufive o f the .royal fam ily and f o - ' on men ó f le tte r s . I V . T h e order o f V afa,
reign prin ces . I I . T h e orper o f the fwo rd , o r t b e g reen r ibband, eftabliihed a t the co-
o r th e y e llow rib b an d , fo r th e officers o f ronation of. th,e prefent k in g , is divided into
th e navy and army . T h e r e are th ree claffes th ree claffes : ' i t C om m an d e rs 1 o f th e great
o f this o rd e r : 1. Commanders o f the g re a t- crofs , ; w h o w e a r the:,; ribband over the
c ro fs , who w e a r th e 'ribbands over th e flipulder, and th e fia r ou the co a t. 2. Com-
fhoulders, and a fla r on th eir co a t. 2. C om - man ders , w h o wear the ribband over the
manders, who w e a r th e rihband in the fame ih oulder w ith ou t the Bar. . 3. K n igh ts ,w h o
man n er, b u t w ith ou t the fla r. E a ch o f w e a r th e rihband over the n e c k . T h is or-
thefe claffes contains 24 members. 1 3 . ! der is conferred Upon perfons w h o have dil-
K n ig h ts , w h o w e a r th e fmall crofs pendent tinguiihed themfelves in ag r icu ltu re , com-
from the b u t to n .h o le . T h e number o f thefe merce, the, a r ts , and p a rticu la r f t ¡enees ;
is indefinite, b u t g en e rally amount to above fu ch as n a tu ra l h iflo ry , ch ym if lry , medi-
1000. I I I . F o la r -fta r , pr the black r ibband, c in e , Src.
O f this o rde r there are two c la f fe s : 1.
! I Ilia
S C I A G R A P H I A M I N ' E R A L I S ,
I lh a l l h e r e f u b j o in t h e f o l l o w in g a n a ly f i s o f i t b y t h e f a m e c h a p .
in g e n io u s a u t h o r to w h o m 1 am in d e b t e d f o r t h e f o rm e r
p a r t o f th i s c h a p t e r .
I* The-Sciagrapbia Miner alt's*, although but the-outlines
o f a fyftem, will be.tharikfully received by all mineralogifts.
“ Cronftedt laid the bafis of the method purfued. in this trail,
“ and made an extenfive progrefs in the profecution Of it.
“ Bergman profeffes to have adopted his ideas; and, after his
“ example, begins by eftabliihing the following firft priri-
“ ciples.
“ Firft, That o f whatibever value external appearance
“ may be in the arrangement o f organized bodies, as in ani-
“ mals and plants, yet it Is-not to be trailed in the clailing o f
“ unorganized fubftances;; colour, confiftence, and texture,
“ being too variable to be depended on as certain charaiter-
“ ifticks. He by no means, however, difallows the ufe o f
“ thefe external qualities, fince, to an experienced eye, they
“ will greatly affift us in afcertaining the nature of foffils,
“ and frequently direct to the lhorteft method o f analyzing
“ them. Secondly, It is only from a knowledge o f the in-
“ tefnal compofition, that the claffes, genera, and fpebies o f
“ foffils are to be determined, and the external appearance
“ muft be referred to the diftinition o f varieties only.
“ Thirdly, In general, the principle or matter which abounds
“ 'moft in any fubftance,is to determine its place in the fyftem.
“ But this law muft be fubjeit to exceptions, where one o f
“ the compounds is, as a bafe, the moft important part o f the
“ mixed body.. This holds in the earths, and particularly
“ in the ores o f metals. Fourthly, The folid principles muft
“ ufually be admitted to form the generical character, although
* T h is t r a il has been la te ly tranflated ra lo g y from the or ig in a l o f Sir T o r b e ra
by D r . W ith e r in g . See "outlines o f M in e - Be rgmaij, & c .
“ it