t h e
S T R U C T U R E and PHYSIOLOGY
F I S H E S
T h e LINNEAN NAMES of the FISHES and other Animals defcribed in this Work.
S e e Caroli à Linne Syftema Natura, ediiìo 13.
The PoRPEsa. Lin. G. 40. Delpbims : Sp. 1. Pbocana.
T h e TURTLE. G. 119. Tejiudo .- Sp. 3. Mydas.
T h e FROG. G. 120. Rana: Sp. 14, Temporarta.
T h e SKATE. G. 130. Raja : Sp. 2. Bath : Sp. 5. Fullomca.
T h e ANGEL or MONK FISH. G. 131. Squalu:: Sp. 4. SYIW/IWA.
TheSTURGEON. G. 134. Acifenfer: Sp. I. Sturio.
CONGER EEL or SEA EEL. G. 143. Muraria: Sp. 6. Conger.
SEA WOLF or SEA CAT. G. 146. Anarhichas : Sp. 1. Lupus.
T h e COD. G. 154. Gadus : Sp.3. Morbua.
T h e HADDOCK. G. 154. Gadus : Sp. i . JEgkjinus.
TheMACKREL. Scomber: Sp. 3. TA/k««/.
T h e SALMON. G. 178. Salmo: Sp. i. Salar.
The HERRING. G.188. Chpea: Sp. I. Harmgus.
T h e CARP. G. 189. Cyprmis: Sp. i. Carpio: Sp.4. trinca.
T h e CUTTLE FISH or SEPIA. G. 296. Sepia: Sp. 4 . Loligo.
T h e SEA EGG or ECHINUS MARINUS. G. 299. Echinus: Sp. I. E/culentus.
e x p l a i n e d ,
COMPARED WITH THOSE OF MAN.
I N T R O D U C T I O N .
/ A VARIETY of curious circumitances has occurred to me in examining thé
ftrudure of fifties, fome of which have been entirely overlooked, and
others imperfedly defcribed by authors. As they relate to points of
chief importance in the animal oeconomy, I flatter myfcl f that aii account o f them
will be not lefs acceptable to the Phyilcian than LU che Naturaliit.
B y the generic term of Fjihes, I underftand that clafs of animals which lives
in water, fwims by the afliftance of fins, and has the water diredly applied to the
gills, through which organ the whole mafs of blood in the body palTes in the
courfe of circulation.
This definition comprehends the Nantes Phuiatiy as well as the Pijces o^Limaus;
fmce it will afterwards appear that thefe ought not to be farther feparated tlian
as different orders of one clafs of animals.
T h e Raja lliall be my chief example of tlie Nantes Pinnati, and the Gadus of
ûizPifces oîLinntsus: but I iliall occafionally endeavour to throw farther hght on
the fubjeél, by defcribing parts of other fillies ; and, to be better imderftood, I
iliall illuilrate my defcriptions with Figures reprefenting the parts of their natural
fize.
I iliall begin with tracing the blood from their heart, and its return to that organ.
I iliall next make fome curfory obfervations on their organs of fecretion.
i iliall afterward give an account of their abforbcnt fyftem ; and
D Shall