When contrasted with the young of Harmothoe imbncata the head of this form is
much more elongated antero-posteriorly, and the four eyes are visible from the dorsum,
whereas in H. imbricata the posterior pair only are generally seen. The tentacles and
other cephalic processes are different. The body is narrower and longer, and the bristles
are much smaller, so as to alter the outline; and their structure, as well as that of the
scales, is essentially different. From the Parmenis Ijungma/ni of Malmgren,1 to which it
is allied, it differs in the structure of both dorsal and ventral bristles as well as in that
of the scales.
Allied forms to both this and the succeeding species (Parmenis ljungmard) are the
Polynoe vasculosa of Claparede,1 2 3 and the Polynoe crassipalpa of Marenzeller.8 They,
however, differ in regard to the shape of the head and the structure of the bristles.
This species takes the place of the closely related Parmenis ljungmani of the Outer
Hebrides, and the representatives of both appear to be few. I t is probable that, like
allied forms, it may be commensalistic.
4. H a r m o t h o ë l ju n g m a n i , Malmgren, 1867.
Specific Characters.—Body small, sublinear, bristled segments thirty-five to thirty-
six. Head elongated antero-posteriorly, somewhat narrower in front, and with two short
peaks. Eyes visible from the dorsum; two at the posterior border, and two larger at the
side in front of the middle line.. Tentacles and tentacular cirri short and tapering, with
sparsely distributed clavate cilia. Palpi elongate, subulate, with minute papillge. Tentacular
and dorsal cirri alike. Ventral cirri enlarged at the base, similarly ciliated.
Scales fifteen pairs; first pair suborbicular, the others obliquely ovate or ovoid, increasing
in size till the two last pairs, with very few minute papillae along thé outer and
posterior border, while the tubercles on the surface are larger and more numerous than
in H. zetlandica. Dorsal bristles stouter than the ventral, rather short, curved and
little tapered, with close rows of spines which extend to the tip. The ventral bristles
have short spinous tips ending in a smooth and characteristically curved claw, while the
secondary process leaves a gap between it and the base of the hook.
S ynonyms.
1867. Parmenis ljungmani, Malmgren. Ann. Polyclueta, p. 11, pi. i, fig. 2.
1875. Harmothoë MacleocU, McIntosh. Invert, and Fish., St. A., p. 116.
1876. ,,. „ , Ibid. Trans. Zool. Soc., ix, p. 382, pi. lxix, f. 2, 3.
1888. ,, ,, De Saint Joseph. Ann. d. sc. nat. (7), v, p. 168, pi. vii, f. 37—40.
Habitat.—Between tide-marks under stones at Lochmaddy, North Uist, and in the
stomach of the cod, St. Andrews (E. M.). Shores of France—Dinard.
Length about 14 mm.; breadth across bristles 3 mm.
1 ‘ Annnlat. Polychaeir., &c.,’ p. 11, pi. i, fig. 2, 1867.
2 | Annél. Chétop. Nap., Suppl./ p. 12, pi. i, f. 4.
8 “ Znr Kenntniss d. Adriat. Annel.,” ‘ Sitz. der k. Akad. Wissensch.,’ April 1,1874, p. 6, Taf. ii.
Head (Plate XXXVIII, fig. 4) elongated from before backward, terminating in two
peaks anteriorly, and with eyes similarly placed to those in H. zetlandica, viz. a pair of
smaller eyes on the dorsum in front of the nuchal collar, and a larger pair on the sides
anteriorly in front of the middle line of the head, and at the base of the peaks. All are
visible from the dorsum, though the main vision of the anterior eyes is lateral. The palpi
have rows of minute papillas, and are similar to those of H. zetlandica, as also are the
tentacles and tentacular cirri—which have clavate cilia. All are comparatively short, and
taper gently to the extremity without an evident enlargement below the tip (in spirit).
Body elongated, rather narrow, slightly tapered in front, more so posteriorly, and
with comparatively short bristles, the segments bearing these being from thirty-five to
thirty-six. In regard to external structure and coloration it agrees with the foregoing
form.
Scales (Plate XXXII, fig. 14) amount to fifteen pairs, are thin and semi-translucent,
have a very few minute cilia along the outer and posterior border, while the papillae,
which are generally scattered over the surface, are larger and more numerous than in H.
zetlandica. Along the anterior edge somewhat smaller papillae occur in rows. In shape
they correspond with those of the latter, the first pair being circular, the rest more or
less ovoid and increasing in size to the twelfth or thirteenth.
Feet.—In the first foot the upper division bears a few short dorsal bristles similar
in type, though more curved than the succeeding.
In the second foot the dorsal bristles are already numerous and of considerable
length. The curvature is well marked, especially at the tip, which shows no smooth
portion, the spinous rows passing quite to the extremity. The bristles of the inferior
division present superiorly almost the typical structure with the somewhat broad short
tip, and the long secondary process. The bristles of the middle division have longer tips,
very slightly bifid, while in the inferior series the tips are elongated, simple, and with
long spinous rows, which in some views are more or less pinnate.
As we proceed backwards the bristles gradually assume the typical form, the dorsal
becoming longer and stronger (Plate XXXVIII, fig. 22) as well as less curved. Moreover
the tip is but slightly tapered, and the spinous rows pass to the extremity and are closely
arranged, except in a few of the short forms next the body. The ventral division has
boldly bifid bristles (Plate XXXVIII, fig. 23) throughout, the entire tip being rather
broad and the spinous region short. The inner line of the hook forms a different angle
from that in H. spinifera, and leaves a wider gap distally. The secondary process
diminishes in length from the superior to the inferior series of bristles, so that in the
latter it scarcely reaches to the middle of the peculiarly curved terminal hook. The
spinous region of the tips of the inferior bristles is very short. The bristles generally
are faintly yellowish, and the dorsal form a favourable site for the development of
parasitic growths.
The dorsal cirri are comparatively short, and taper almost from the base to the
slender tip. Sparsely distributed clavate cilia occur on the surface below the latter.
The ventral cirri are enlarged at the base, and have also a few clavate cilia.
When the species was described in 1876 it was thought to differ from the Parmenis
ljungmani of Malmgren, on the grounds of the proportional strength and structure of the