Costa (?), E. laureata, D.Ch., JE. mediterranean G-rube, and JE. racemosa, Ehlers). So far
as the description of Euphrosyne racemosa of Ehlers goes there is little to distinguish
it from E. foliosa, for it has yet to be proved that the variation in the number of the
branchiæ (eight to nine in E. foliosa and five and six in E. racemosa) is not due to age, and
that the position of the middle cirrus is not due to the same cause.
Grube, who examined the species in the Parisian Museum, found that the median dorsal
cirrus did not extend between the fourth and fifth branchial process, as in the figure of
Audouin and Edwards, but between the second and third, as is also the case in Ehlers’
E. racemosa. Both from the structure of the branchiæ and the structure of the bristles
G-rube concludes that the E. racemosa of Ehlers is synonymous. Grube was likewise of
opinion that the E. laureata and E. myrtosa of Savigny agree with the E. foliosa of
Audouin and Edwards. In all probability, therefore, the nomenclature might be consider-
ably simplified. The E. Audouinii, Claparède, as given by Carus,1 is probably referable to
the common species (E. foliosa). This seems to be the dull reddish species figured by
Delle Chiaje (1841). At Naples the common name is “ Ti veggo rosso senza spine.”
The E. mediterranea Of Grube8 is the same species, though Horst8 thinks the tips .of
the branchiæ clavate rather than foliate. Baron de Saint-Joseph, who agrees in regard to
the association of E. racemosa, E. Audouinii, and I?, mediterranea with the present species,
found that at Dinard specimens of 12 to 15 mm., and having thirty segments, were
distended with ova. The Euphrosyne intermedia, 1888, of this author, rests mainly on
the presence of longer forms of bristles—amongst the dorsal and ventral series—having
the axial oil-like contents. He thinks they are offensive and contain poison. In all
probability this is only a variety of E. foliosa with longer bristles.
. 2. E u p h r o s y n e a r m a d il l o , Ears, 1851.
Specific Characters. Caruncle extending to the anterior border of the fifth segment,
with a proportionally long biarticulate tentacle between the dorsal eyes. Branchiae divided
dichotomously, and terminating in lanceolate processes. The bristles are of considerable
length, the bifid forms having a short spur and quite smooth, the serrated kinds having
the longer arm somewhat flattened, only slightly, though distinctly, curved, the serrations
extending along opposite parts of the fork.
S yno nyms.
1850, Euphrosyne armadillo, Sars. Reise i Lofoten .og Finmark. Nyt. Mag. f. Naturv., B. vi
p. 211.
1861. „ „ Forhandl. Vidensk.-Selsk. (Aar, 1860), vol. viii, p. 55.
1876. ,, lanceolata, McIntosh. Trans. Z. S., vol. ix, p. 395, pi. lxxi, fig. 1.
1886. ,, armadillo, Langerhans. Zeit. f. w. Zool., vol. xl, p. 253. 1 2 *
1 ‘ Fauna Medit.,’ p. 207, 1884.
2 ‘Arch. f. Naturges.,’ 1863, p. 38.
8 .‘Notes from the Leyden Museum,’ vol. viii, 1886.
Habitat.—Dredged in the Porcupine Expedition of 1869 on sandy mud amidst corals
off the west coast of Ireland, in 173 fathoms.
The body appears to be somewhat flattened, and in the injured preparation is about
3 mm. in length, and consists of only about nineteen segments. The dorsum agrees
generally with the typical form, except that the branchiae differ considerably in structure,
and thus give a character to the region. Both dorsal and ventral eyes are very distinct,
and the tentacle is comparatively long in the example. On the ventral surface the palpi
form two rounded pads in front of the mouth, and abut on the eyes in front. Posteriorly
the vent is indicated by two rounded or globular processes which project on the
ventral surface. The segments in the latter region are much curved, and the tips of
several project beyond the globular anal cirri, the lines of the segment-junctions being in
one or two almost antero-posterior.
Colour is unknown.
The condition of the single specimen is unfortunately indifferent, and it is, moreover,
small (possibly immature), but the following characters were ascertained. The palisade
of bristles dorsally consists of a series of smooth bifid forms with a distinct curve at the
tip, which is slightly hooked, and a short spur at the base (Plate XXXV, fig. 8). The
serrate kind has a proportionally longer spur, the serrations on it corresponding in extent
with those on the longer fork of the bristle, which tapers a little towards the tip (Plate
XXXY, fig. 13). Some present more distinct flattening of the longer limb (Plate XXXV,
fig. 14), and the serrations are less marked,—indeed, only a limited area of similar extent
on each side of the fork shows them clearly, though very minute processes occur on the
longer limb of the fork above the former. The tips of all these bristles are distinctly
curved. On contrasting them with the bristles of Euphrosyne armadillo, Sars, from
Norway (Plate XXXY, figs. 9—12), a certain resemblance is apparent in all, but the
tips both of the'smooth and serrate kinds are proportionally longer and narrower in the
Norwegian form, and the curvatures differ; such, however, may be due to age or other
conditions. The longest tips in the case of the smooth bristles occur in the foot.
The branchise (Plate XXXY, fig. 2) appear to be five or six in number, and when
viewed under a lens have a different character from those of Euphrosyne foliosa, since the
tapering tips are much more slender. They branch from near the base in a similar
manner, the tips being truly lanceolate. The variations, however, seen in the branchiae
of E. foliosa show that no strict reliance on the external appearance of these organs
can be maintained. The only feature of moment is the tufted condition of the tips in
the larger Norwegian examples, which also have proportionally longer terminal processes.
Michael Sars describes this species as of a pale yellowish colour, and having nineteen
segments. The narrow caruncle reaches the fifth segment. Cephalic lobe elongate,
narrow; the posterior (dorsal) eyes situated in front of .the caruncle, at the base of
the biarticulate tentacle, which is conico-acuminate, shorter than the caruncle. Two
short cirri on the dorsum between the pinnrn. Branchiae five, rarely six (two or
three of the anterior and posterior segments with fewer), four to five dichotomously
divided, with conico-acuminate tips. Superior edge of pinna with two cirri, ventral with
one. Setas unequally bifid, with serrations in the fork of the dorsal form, while the in-
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