have whorls of spikes on the distal region of the shaft and tapering extremities (Plate
XLII, fig. 21), the stoutest being next the spine, and the moré slender forms with spines
at the distal end of the shaft occurring at the ventral border.
The superior lobe gradually increases in size until, in the typical foot (Plate XXXI,
fig. 12), it projects about as far as the ventral, and the bristles become stronger and
longer. A few smooth hairs occur in each bundle. The digit-like papillae, however,
diminish in number as a rule, only two occurring in each division of the foot in the
middle of the body, those of the inferior lobe being the larger. Posteriorly (Plate
XXXI, fig. 13) the superior division has three or four papillae above the bristle-bundle,
the inferior frequently only a single large, pedunculated, clavate process. The ventral
cirrus is also reduced in size. The inferior bristles of the ventral series of the same
region have a more distinct enlargement at the distal end of the shaft (Plate XLII,
fig. 22).
No branchial process occurs until the twenty-fourth foot, and then it is minute.
Posteriorly it gradually elongates, so as to extend outward as far as the tip of the foot.
The bristles are somewhat shorter and proportionally stouter than in Leamra
Yhleni, Mgrn.; no ciliated pad exists on the dorsal edge of the foot, and the papillae of
the latter do not show the disparity in size characteristic of L. Yhleni. The ventral
cirrus is also shorter, and in the preparation shows no process at the base.
The species diverges from L. tetragona in regard to the tentacle, bristles, and other
parts. Habits.—A deep-water species.
At the anterior end of a fragmentary specimen a crustacean parasite was fixed in
the dorsal muscles.
Ehlers gives a detailed description1 with figures of this species, his largest example
being only 19 mm. long. He shows the tentacle of three segments, or at least it is thus
figured and described. Eyes absent. He adds nothing novel to the description in the
4 Transactions of the Zoological Society.’ He observes that the species approaches the
L. Quatrefagesi of Kinberg from the Atlantic, off the La Plata.8 A more minute
investigation of Kinberg’s specimen, indeed, is necessary before all doubts as to the
specific separation are removed. They closely agree in regard to the structure of the
scales, bristles, and general condition of the head and its processes, and seem to differ
chiefly in the structure of the feet and in the absence of eyes in the British form.
Genus XXVIII.—P holoe,8 Johnston, 1839.
Head furnished with a single short median tentacle. Two pairs of eyes, more or
less connate. Body linear-oblong. Scales on alternate segments in the anterior part of
■ ,‘v1 ‘Zeitsch. f. w. Zool./ 1875.
2 ‘ Freg. Eugen. Resa,’ p. 30.
3. Carus, in the ‘ Prodromus Faunae Mediterranean’ includes this genus under the sub-family
Sigalioninse, Phdloe being characterised by having a linear-oblong body, elytra on alternate segments
the body; posteriory a pair on each segment.. First foot with two tentacular cirri;
without bristles. Dorsal lobe of the foot with slender, tapering, spinous bristles.
Inferior division with stout, falcate, compound bristles. Nerve-cords forming triangular
flattened areas in section on each side of the median line, the oblique muscles passing to
their insertion above them.
De Quatrefages (1865) gave the group three “ antennae,” a facial tubercle, and two
tentacles, the upper of which was bifid. Alternate scales anteriorly, while posteriorly
all thé segments had scales. No dorsal cirri. He thus had an imperfect acquaintance
with the genus.. G-rube’s account1 was more accurate.
P holoe mjntjta, 0. Fdbricius, 1780.
Specific Characters.—Head somewhat rounded, bearing a short subulate median
tentacle, with a few papilke on its surface. Two eyes on each side—connate, the
anterior being the larger. There are two short tentacular cirri, also with a few small
papill33 on their surface. Two prominent papillae project behind the eyes, and sometimes
overlap them. The palpi are somewhat massive, short, tapering organs, with a smooth
surface. Body small, forty-five to seventy segments, and about three-quarters of an inch
long as a maximum. I t has two slender styles posteriorly. Scales ovate or reniform,
with a series of cilia having moniliform tips along the outer border, and more sparsely
along the posterior border; while the surface, especially at the inner region, is areolated.
Dorsal lobe of the foot forms a prominent process with a convex margin externally for
the dense tuft of bristles, which are slender, tapering, and spinous. Ventral lobe an
oblique cone with numerous papillm over the surface. The shafts of the bristles are
stout, the distal convexity having numerous spikes. The terminal'piece is short and
falcate, and the edge is generally spinous. The ventral cirrus is short and tapering.
S ynonyms.
1776. Aphrodita longa, O. F. Müller. Prod. Zool. Dan., p. 218, n. 2646.
1780. ; „ 0. Fabricius. Fauna Grönl., p. 313, n. 293.
„ „ minuta, idem. Ibid., p. 314, n. 294.
1820. Polynoë minuta, Savigny. Syst, des An., p. 26.
1828. Palmyra ocellata, Johnston. Zool. Journ., vol. iii, p. 329.
1834. „ mimita, Aud. and Ed. Ann., p. 95.
1839. Pholoe inomata, Johnston. Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. ii, pp. 437, 438, Tab. xxiii, f. 1—5.
1843. „ minuta, Oersted. G-rönl. Annal. Dorsib. (Danske vid. Selsk., Afh. x), p. 169, Tab. i,
f. 3, 4, 8, 9, 16.
» „ baltica, idem. Annul. Danic. Consp., p. 14, f. 21, 34—36, 40.
in the anterior part of the body; posteriorly a pair on each segment; rami of the feet connate;
superior bristles capillary, inferior falcate. He includes also Sigalion, Psammolyce, and Sthenelais, in
the order given, under the Sigalioninee.
1 * Sitz. d. Schleisch. Gesell./ 1874.