The bottom to w-net procured, on February 4th in four to five fathoms, a young
example of Pholoë having thirteen feet on each side. The head bears in front two
closely approximated median eyes, and two more widely separated towards the posterior
border. Both pairs of eyes have a rounded, lens-like differentiation. The median
tentacle is well developed and subulate, while three smaller and the stump of a fourth
(making two tentacular cirri) project in front. These are minutely but sparsely
papillose. The palpi have enlarged basal regions, and taper to a blunt point. The body
is flattened and nearly of uniform diameter, though tapered a little in front and more
distinctly posteriorly, where it terminates in a rounded “ boss ” on each side of the vent,
the globular cirri of the last pair of feet generally projecting on each side a little in
front. The proboscis is furnished with well-marked teeth.
The feet show dorsal and ventral divisions, each with a spine and the characteristic
bristles, besides the cirri. At least four pairs of scales were present, most with five cilia
on the outer border, though one (probably the first) had seven. Lines radiating from
the centre of the scale to the base of the cilia probably indicated nerve-strands.
Habits. They break, when lifted with the forceps, like the Polynoidæ, but are
sluggish, lurking under stones between tide-marks. The best way to obtain them,
indeed, is to chip fragments from the under surfaces of stones covered with various
growths in pools near low water mark, and immerse them in sea water for a day or
two. The Annelids either occur at the water-line of the vessel or are found by examining
the débris at the bottom.
P. minuta was first found by Otho Fabricius on the shores of Greenland, and
afterwards by Oersted in the same region.
Dr. Thomas Williams1 (1858) credited this species with the only vascular system he
had been able to see in the Aphroditaceans in the form of a vessel, carrying a colourless
fluid in contact with the nerve-cord, and slowly undulating with pulsations.
The Pholoë synophthalmica of Claparède seems to be a closely allied if not identical
form.8 Marion and Bobretzky,8 who agreed with this author as to the specific distinction
of P. synophthalmica, point out the proper interpretation of the cephalic appendages, and
that the first segment is fused with the cephalic, so that the first scale is borne on the
second segment. De Saint-Joseph likewise follows Claparède in separating P. synophthalmica.
Marenzeller * (1893) describes a new species from the African shores of the Mediterranean
(Santorin), in which the dorsum of the body is covered with papillæ, and the
scales have more numerous cilia. The bristles seem to approach closely those of the
common form.
Dr. Michaelsen lately (1897) regarded the variety eximia as a distinct species, but
he relied chiefly on the divergence of the scales and other points already alluded to. It
is sufficient to consider emimia a variety, and chiefly a smaller variety. He kindly sent
me slides for examination, so that no dubiety might exist.
1 ‘ Philos. Trans./ 1858, p. 135.
2 ‘ Annal. Chet. Naples/ 79, pi. iii, f. 1.
8 ‘Ann. Sc. Nat./ 1875, pp. 8, 9.
4 ‘ Polychâten des Grandes/ 1893, p. 6, pi. i, f. 3.
Acanthicolepis .
asperrima .
Acholoe .
astericola .
Acoëtidæ .
Amphinomidæ .
Amphinomina .
Amphiporidæ .
Amphiporinæ .
Amphiporus
bioculatus .
hastatus
lactifloreus
pulcher
spectabilis .
Anopla
Antinoë .
finmarchica
mollis
Sarsi .
Aphrodita.
aculeata
Aphroditidæ
Borlasia .
Elizabethæ
Carinella .
annul ata
linearis
Carinellidæ
Cephalothricidæ
Cephalothrix
linearis
Cerebratulus
angulatas .
ro v o l . i.
the Introduction.')
PAGE
311
311
396
397
399
219
219
155
155
155
163
. 162
. 156
. 158
. 160
. 181
. 365
, 368
369
365
241
247
240
193
193
203
203
206
203
208
208
208
194
195
Enipo
Kinbergi . . 395
Enopla . 155
Eunoa . • . 291
nodosa . 291
tritoni . 296
Euphrosyne / . 233
, armadillo . • . 238
foliosa . | ? Ä S ^ 3 4
Robertsoni. . 240
'1: Euphrosynina . ^ ^ ^ Ä 2 2 6
Eurythoe . . 1 . 224
borealis ' . - •. 224
Easthenelais . 425
hibernica . . 425
Evarne . . . . . 353
atlantica . 363
Hubrechti . . 3 6 0
impar . 353
Johnstoni . . . • . . 358
Gattyana . . 285
cirrosa . 285
Halosydna . 384
gelatinosa . . 384
Harmothoe . 313
antilopis . 334
areolata . 349
Fraser-Thomsoni 337
Haliaeti . 336
imbricata . . 314
ljungmani . . . 332
lunulata . 342
marphysse . . 339
setosissima . 345