has now become habitual, and slaves continue to be
the fashion with them. These are all domestics,
and, with the exceptions which the uncertainty
of human passions compels us to make an allowance
for, are treated with kindness and humanity.
CHAPTER III.
PUBLIC REVENUE.
Enumeration of the sources o f public revenue Land-tax.__
Its origin traced.—.Its amount among the different tribes.
Condition o f the cultivator.— Mode <f dividing the crop
between the cultivator and the sovereign in Java. Mode o f
paying salaries and making the public [disbursements—
General reflections— Scheme o f a land-tax Capitation or
poll-tax— Taxes on consumption— Monopoly o f trade by
the sovereign— Customs— Transit duties— Market duties.
— Duty on opium and salt— Principle o f farming the public
revenue universal.—Its advantage in so rude a state o f
society.
1 h e object of this chapter is a description of the
inodes practised by the native governments of the
Indian islands for raising a revenue, and will be
comprehended under the three heads of Land-tax,
Poll-taxes, and Taxes on Consumption. The first
of these, on account of the extent to which it is
carried, and its influence on the state of society, is
out of all proportion the most interesting and important,
and will afford the principal matter of this
chapter.
Abundant examples of that early period of society
before land is appropriated, exist in the In