o r ig in a lly from B e c h u a n a la n d , an d m a rch ed n o rth to w
a rd s th e Z am b e z i a b o u t f ift y y e a r s a g o , w h e re th e y
ru led o v e r th e B a ro t s e , a s I h a v e a lr e a d y d esc rib ed .
T h e o r ig in a l M a k o lo lo o f N y a s a la n d w e re im p o rted b y
D r . L iv in g s to n e , w h o le ft ab o u t a d oz en o f th em
a s h e rdm en in th e S h ir e d is tr ic t to h e lp th e M a n ia n ja
a g a in s t th e a t t a c k s o f th e Y a o s . A t th e p re s e n t d a y
th e re is h a r d ly a t r a c e o f a n y th in g d is tin c tiv e in th e w a y
o f la n g u a g e am o n g th em. T h e M a n ia n ja , th e o r ig in a l
in h a b ita n ts , a re a p e a c e a b le an d in d u s tr io u s ra c e , wh o
h a v e b e en m u ch h a r r ied in th e ir tim e b y th e P o r tu g u e s e
an d th e Y a o s . A g r ic u l tu r e an d b la c k sm ith s ’ w o rk a re th e
in d u s t r ie s in w h ich th e y m o s t e x c e l. T h e A n g o n i, wh o'
s tr e tch n o rthw a rd , a re o f Z u lu d e sc en t, a s I h a v e a lr e a d y
s a id . T h e r e is no t, h ow e v e r , v e r y m u ch Z u lu le ft in
th em. In te rm a r r y in g , a c c o rd in g to th e cu s tom o f th e ir
tr ib e , w ith th e c o n q u e red M a n ia n ja , th e s e a lso , fo r th e
m o s t p a r t, h a v e lo s t th e ir d is tin c tiv e in s t itu tio n s an d
la n g u a g e . S u c h a t a n y ra te is th e c a s e w ith th o se on
th e sh o re o f th e la k e , th o u g h in th e h ig h e r g ro u n d s
w e s tw a rd I w a s to ld th e y s t ill sp e a k th e Z u lu to n gu e .
T h e y a re a fin e ra c e p h y s ic a lly , an d , lik e th e ir p ro g en ito r s
in th e sou th , a r e fa r m o re h o n e s t an d tru s tw o r th y wh en
th e y t a k e u p w o rk fo r E u ro p e a n s th an m o s t A f r ic a n
tr ib e s . T h e y are, h ow e v e r , p r e d a to r y an d tu rb u len t. T h e
A t o n g a in h a b it th e m id d le w e s te rn sh o re o f L a k e
N y a s a . B u t fo r th e a r r iv a l o f E u r o p e a n s th e y w ou ld
p ro b a b ly h a v e b e en ra id ed o u t o f e x is te n c e b y th e ir
A n g o n i n e igh b o u r s . T h e e a r lie s t m is s io n a rie s , h ow e v e r,
b y a ju d ic io u s m ix tu r e o f rem o n s tr a n c e an d su b s id y ,
p ro te c ted th e A t o n g a from th e ir o p p re s so rs , an d th e se
p e o p le sh ow th e ir g r a t itu d e b y s t e a d i ly su p p o r t in g th e
w h ite m en, an d c om in g so u th in c o n s id e ra b le n um b e rs
to w o rk fo r th em. T h e y a re n o t a lw a y s a b s o lu t e ly
o rd e r ly , an d n o t ir r e p ro a c h a b ly h o n e s t, b u t th e y a re
v e r y u se fu l to th e w h ite s .
•T h e se , th en , w e re th e h e te ro g en e o u s an d tro u b le som e
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m a te r ia l o u t o f w h ich S i r H a r r y Jo h n s to n s e t to w o rk to
b u ild u p a g r e a t A f r ic a n p ro v in c e . T h e r e w a s lit t le en ou gh
a p p a r e n t ly to b e d on e w ith th em ; th e y w e re a b so lu t e ly
u n c iv iliz ed , w ith o u t th e le a s t u n d e r s tan d in g o f the
m e th o d s an d re q u irem e n t s o f th e w h ite m a n ; an d , to
a d d to th e d ifficu lty , th e c lim a te m ad e it a lm o s t im p o s s ib le
fo r th e w h ite man to liv e am o n g them. In th is f ix S i r
H a r r y Jo h n s to n h ad th e b r illia n t id e a o f b r in g in g in n a tiv e s
o f In d ia , so th a t th e y e llo w m an m ig h t s e rv e a s an in te rm e d
ia r y b e tw e en th e b la c k an d th e white. H e th o u g h t th a t
w h e re a s the b la c k an d w h ite ra c e s s tan d to o fa r a p a r t in
d e v e lo pm e n t to in t e rm a r r y an d p ro d u c e a s a t is fa c to r y
m ed ium b e tw e en th e tw o , th e re w a s a g r e a t p o s s ib ility
o f e le v a t io n fo r th e n e g ro b y a m ix tu r e o f In d ia n blo od .
T h e e v id e n c e o f th e A r a b h a lf-c a s te s on th e E a s t C o a s t
an d th e S o u d a n e s e o f m ix e d B e rb e r an d n e g ro ra c e p o in ts
d e c id e d ly to th e fa c t th a t a c ro s s o f A s ia t i c an d n e g ro
w ill p ro d u c e a ra c e su p e r io r in in te llig e n c e to the p r im it iv e
b la c k , an d in no w a y in fe rio r in p h y s iq u e . A t th e tim e
o f m y v is it to N y a s a la n d it w a s o f co u r se fa r to o e a r ly
to ju d g e w h e th e r th is e x p e r im e n t w a s lik e ly to su c c e ed
o r fail. I t is s t ill to o e a r ly a t th e p re se n t d a y ; b u t, a p a r t
from th e m a t te r o f b re ed in g , it is u n d en iab le th a t the
im p o r ta tio n o f In d ia n s h a s b e en an en o rm o u s h e lp to th e
y o u n g c o u n try . I t is m a in ly b y a sm a ll fo rc e o f S ik h s
th a t th e h an d fu l o f B r it ish offic e rs h a v e b e en a b le to p u t
d ow n th e s la v e - t r a d in g ch ie fs , w ith in v a r ia b le an d b r illia n t
su c c e s s . In d u s t r ia lly , a g a in , th e In d ia n is a lin k b e tw e en
th e E n g lishm a n an d th e n e g ro . P e r fe c t ly a b le to s tan d
th e c lim a te , th e In d ia n fin d s h is p la c e a s a r e ta il trad e r,
c o lle c t in g n a t iv e p ro d u c e in sm a ll q u an tit ie s fo r the
B r it ish w h o le s a le m e rch an t, an d d is t r ib u t in g E u ro p e a n
g o o d s to th e n a tiv e s . A c o n s id e ra b le n um b e r o f In d ia n
a rtific e r s h a v e s e t tle d in th e c o u n try , an d h a v e d on e g o o d
w o rk in te a c h in g th e ir c ra ft s to th e b la c k s . S u b o rd in a te
offic e s u n d e r G o v e rnm e n t h a v e a lso la r g e ly b e en filled
b y n a tiv e s o f B r it ish In d ia . In a n y c a se , w h e th e r it
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