s la v e tra d e an d the in iq u ity o f the A r a b s , th an th o se
h e ld b y th e C om m is s io n e r . B u t o f co u r se I re co g n iz e
th a t he k n ow s v e r y m u ch m ore o f th e c o u n t ry un d e r
h is ru le th an I do, an d it is im p o s s ib le to d e n y th a t
th e a rg um e n ts b y w h ich he su p p o r ts h is op in ion a re
m o s t p ow e rfu l. H e s a y s th a t th e d is c o v e r y o f th e fo u n d a tio
n s o f o ld v illa g e s , o ld p o t te r y an d th e lik e , b u ried
u n d e r s e v e r a l fe e t o f so il, is e v id e n c e th a t th is p a r t o f
A f r i c a on ce c o n ta in ed a m u ch d en se r n a t iv e p o p u la tio n
th an it c a r r ie s a t p re sen t, an d on e c o n s id e ra b ly su p e rio r
in cu ltu re . H e a tt r ib u te s th e d e g en e ra t io n o f th e b la c k
ra c e s to th e in tro d u c tio n o f th e s la v e t r a d e a t th e p e r iod
w h en th e A r a b s fir s t e s ta b lish ed th e ir in flu en c e on th e
E a s t co a s t, an d to it s en o rm o u s d e v e lo pm e n t when th e
P o r tu g u e s e a r r iv e d w ith fire a rm s an d g u n p ow d e r. T h e
c o u n t r y w a s d e p o p u la te d , b ig g am e sp r e a d o v e r th e
d e se r ted t r a c k s , an d th e ts e ts e f ly fo llow ed . S u ch
n a t iv e s a s rem a in ed in th e ir h om e s , b e in g lia b le a t a n y
m om en t to b e a t ta c k e d an d c a r r ied in to s la v e r y , found
no in d u c em en t to d e v e lo p th e c o u n t ry m o re th an w a s
re q u ire d to p ro d u c e food fo r th e n e c e s s it ie s o f th e
m om en t. T o d o m o re w a s to in v ite a g g r e s s io n , p lu n d e r,
an d e n s la v em en t. I t c an n o t b e d en ied th a t th e re is
v e r y m u ch re a so n in this. I am n o t in fa v o u r o f th e
v io le n t an d im m ed ia te su p p re s s io n o f s la v e r y w h e re it
is th e on e k n ow n in d u s t r ia l o rg an iz a tio n , an d w h e re
th e re is n o th in g r e a d y to t a k e its p la c e . B u t I re co g n iz e
q u ite fu lly th a t th e re is a ll th e d iffe ren c e in th e w o rld
b e tw e en Z a n z ib a r , an d e v en U ji ji, w h e re th e A r a b m ak e s
h im s e lf a h om e , an d th e d is tr ic ts o f C e n t r a l A f r ic a , w h e re
h e is a m e re a d v en tu r e r , o n ly co n c e rn ed in m a k in g a
fo r tu n e a s q u ic k ly a s p o s s ib le , an d re t ir in g to e n jo y it
e lsew h e re . T a k in g th is d iffe ren c e in to a c co u n t, I m a k e
n o d o u b t th a t M r. Jo h n s to n ’s d e te rm in a tio n to g e t rid
o f th e A r a b s a s q u ic k ly a s p o s s ib le— a lw a y s e x c e p t in g
th e b e n ig n Ju m b e— w a s em in e n t ly ju s t an d n e c e s sa ry .
T h e t r jb e w h ich g a v e m o s t tro u b le in th e co u r se o f
?6§
its su p p re s s io n , and led th e A dm in is t r a t io n in to c o n tin u a l
w a r s , w a s th a t o f th e Y a o s . T h e y o r ig in a lly liv ed to the
e a s t o f L a k e N y a s a , an d su p p o r ted th em s e lv e s fo r the
m os t p a r t b y p lu n d e r in g th e ir n e igh b o u rs . B y c o n ta c t w ith
th e A r a b s th e y a cq u ired a s lig h t tin g e o f M ah om m e d an -
ism, an d an in ten se en th u s ia sm fo r th e s la v e trad e . U n d e r
p re s su re o f in v a s io n from the n o rth , an d o f fam in e , th e y
b e g an to w o rk w e s tw a rd ro u n d th e sou th e rn end o f
L a k e N y a s a , d isp o s s e s s in g th e o r ig in a l in h ab itan ts , the
M a n ia n ja , e ith e r b y v io len c e o r b y ab so rp tio n . W h en the
c o u n t ry b e c am e a B r it ish P ro te c to ra te , an d s la v e - t r a d in g
w a s put d own , th e Y a o s b e g an to g iv e tro u b le . T h o s e
*w h o liv ed w ith in th e im m ed ia te sp h e re o f B r it ish in flu en c e
so o n su bm itted , b o th n om in a lly a n d a c tu a lly . T h o s e
fu rth e r e a s t p la c ed th em s e lv e s th e o r e t ic a lly u n d e r H e r
M a je s t y ’s p ro te c tio n , b u t so o n to o k u p a rm s in d e fen c e
o f th e ir in a lie n a b le r ig h t to e n s la v e th e ir fe llow men.
D u r in g th e w h o le tim e th a t I w a s in N y a s a la n d , an d
fo r a lo n g w h ile a fte rw a rd s , d e su lto r y f ig h tin g w e n t on.
I t w a s th e Y a o s w h o se a t t a c k c re a te d th e a la rm in th e
sou th e rn s ta t io n s w h ich w a s m y firs t in tro d u c tio n to
N y a s a la n d . B u t b o th then an d la te r th e y w e re d e fe a ted ,
th e ir e ste em ed A r a b ch ie fs e x p e lle d o r red u c ed -to su b je
c t io n , an d th e s la v e t r a d e am o n g th em a lm o s t e n tire ly
s tam p e d out. T h e d ifficu ltie s w e re n o t e n t ir e ly a t an
en d wh en I w a s in th e c o u n t r y ; b u t th e v ic to r ie s o f the
C om m is s io n e r an d o f th e la te C a p ta in M a g u ir e , im m
e d ia te ly b e fo re m y a r r iv a l, h ad c o n c lu s iv e ly sh ow n th a t
th e w o rk w a s o n ly a m a t te r o f time.
A t th e m om en t o f m y v is it to th e P ro te c to r a te the
Y a o s w e re th e o n ly tr ib e w ith w h ich the A dm in is t r a t io n
h ad com e to h o s tilitie s . T h e o th e r p r in c ip a l b la c k
ra c e s o f th e P ro te c to ra te , n am in g th em in th e ir o rd e r
n o r thw a rd s a lo n g th e S h ir6 an d th e la k e , a re the
M a k o lo lo , th e M an ia n ja , th e A n g o n i, an d th e A to n g a .
T h e d is tin c tio n b e tw e en th e tw o fir s t-n am ed is m o re a
m a t te r o f t it le th an a n y th in g else. T h e M a k o lo lo c am e
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