to tlie ro o f o f th e g u lle t, th e o th e r s sh ow in g th e in c o rp o r
a t e d te e th , w h ic h form a sm o o th ish , g r a n u la r su rfa c e , as
in C o s s yp h u s o r L a c h n o la im u s . T h e u n d e r p h a ry n g e a ls
h a v e th e g e n e ra l s h a p e o f th e s am e b o n e in L a b r u s , b u t
th e te e th a re in c o rp o r a te d w ith it , a n d m e r e ly p ro d u c e th e
s am e k in d o f g ra n u la r su rfa c e th a t e x is ts in th e u p p e r p h a ry
n g e a ls .
T h e s c a le s a re o f m o d e ra te s iz e , o f v a r io u s b r e a d th in
d iffe ren t p a r ts , b u t g e n e r a lly h a v e th e fre e ed g e c u rv ed
in th e a rc o f a c irc le , th e s id e s s tr a ig h t a n d p a ra lle l, a n d
th e b a s e s , w h ic h show a s lig h t in d ic a tio n o f a m id d le lo b e ,
a re m a rk e d b y from tw e lv e to tw en ty -tw o fa n -lik e fuiTows.
T h e lin e s o f s tru c tu r e o n th e s id e s a re lo n g itu d in a l, and
th e fre e e d g e i s s tr ia te d w ilh m in u te c o n -e sp o n d in g te e th
o r c r e n a tu r e s o n th e ed g e . T h e r e a re a b o u t th ir ty - e ig h t
s c a le s o n th e la te r a l lin e , e a c h w ith a sim p le s t r a ig h t tu b e
(fig. 5 ) : th is lin e m a k e s a d e s c e n d in g cu rv e o v e r th e e n d
o f th e p e c to r a l, a n d th e n ru n s s tr a ig h t. T h e d o rs a l com m
e n c e s o v e r th e b a s e o f th e p e c to r a l : i t s sp in o u s ra y s a re
s le n d e r , a n d b e c om e a s fine a n d fle x ib le a s h a ir s a t th e ir
l i p s ; th e f ir s t o n e is th e ta lle s t, a n d r a th e r e x c e e d s th e
h e ig h t o f th e b o d y ; th e o th e r s d e c re a s e r a p id ly to th e
fo u rth , w h ic h is a lm o s t o ne h a l f sh o rte r, a n d th e n in c
re a s e m o re g ra d u a lly to th e fifte e n th , d im in ish in g ag a in
s lig h tly to th e so ft ra y s , w h ic h a lso d e c re a s e a little ,
g iv in g a n u n d u la te d o u tlin e to th e fiu. T h e a n te r io r
jo in te d r a y s a re u n b r a n c h e d , th e p o s te r io r o n e s m e re ly
fo rk e d a t th e tip s . T h e a n a l h a s fo u r u n jo in te d ra y s , th e
f ir s t o n e b e in g s h o r t a n d c lo s e ly i n c um b e n t o n th e s e co n d ,
b u t h a v in g a lso a h a ir - lik e tip . T h e la.st j o in te d r a y is d iv
id e d q u ite to th e b a s e ; th e a n te r io r o n e s a re u n b r a n c h e d .
T h e fin e n d s fa r th e r from th e c a u d a l th a n th e a n a l. T h e
c a u d a l is w id e ly e llip tic a l, w ith a n a c u te tip lik e som e o f
th e G o b io id s , a n d em b ra c e s th e r o u n d e d e n d o f th e ta il b y
i l s s h o r t la te r a l ra y s . T h e p e c to ra ls a re ro u n d e d , a n d th e
v e n tra ls , w h ic h a re a t ta c h e d u n d e r th e th i r d a n d fo u rth
d o rs a l sp in e s , h a v e th e f ir s t a n d s e c o n d jo in te d ra y s p ro lo
n g e d . T h e sp in o u s ray e n d s in a fine h a ir - lik e p o in t, lik e
th o s e o f th e d o r s a l a n d a n a l : i t is r e p r e s e n te d in th e figure
a s jo in te d , th ro u g h o v e rs ig h t.
i n M r. B a u e r ’s d raw in g th e g ro u n d c o lo u r o f th e b o d y
is m o u n ta in -g r e e n , w ith th re e o ra n g e -re d lin e s ru n n in g
a lo n g t h e b a c k , a n d se v e n d e e p y e llow s tre a k s on th e s id e s .
T h e u p p e rm o s t o f th e s e s tre a k s in c lu d e s th e fore p a r t o f
th e l a t e r a l lin e , a n d r is e s a b o v e i t p o s te rio rly . T h e la te r a l
l in e is o r a n g e th ro u g h o u t. T h e h e a d is y e llow, with b lu e
l in e s , w h ich p o s te r io r ly p a s s in to th e g re en o f th e b o d y .
T h e d o rs a l is g re e n , m a rk e d b y fo u r red d ish -y e llow lin e s ,
a n d a n o b lo n g d e e p b lu e s tr ip e a t th e b a s e , tr a v e r s e d b y a
y e llow lin e . T h e a n a l is g re e n , w ilh two re d d ish -y e llow
s tre a k s ; a u d th e r a y s o f th e c a u d a l a re o ra n g e , w ith b lu e
tip s . T h e v e n tr a ls a re g re e n , w ith o u t m a rk in g s ; a n d th e
p e c to r a ls a re red d ish . T h e lin e s shown o n th e fig u re a re
d raw n from tb e s p e c im e n in w h ic h th e co lo u rs h a v e
c h a n g e d , th e lin e s o n tb e b a c k to c a rm in e , th e la rg e sp o t
o n th e b a c k to b la c k w ilh c a rm in e h u e s , a n d th e c a u d a l to
b row n .*
* I suspect that Mr. Gressein’s figure was painted from a specimen
which had already begun to decay, so that its green had changed to
blue, &c.
T h e s tom a c h is a s tr a ig h t tu b e , p a s s in g ev e n ly in to a
d e lic a te a n d m o re s le n d e r in te s tin e , b u t too m u c h d e c a y e d
in th e s p e c im e n fo r e x a c t e x am in a tio n . T h e a ir -b la d d e r
is la rg e , w ith a n o b tu s e e n d to u c h in g th e d ia p h r a gm , a n d
th e o th e r e x tr em ity ta p e r in g lo a fine p o in t, w h ic h ru n s a
little p a s t th e a n u s .
L e n g th in ch e s .
H ab. K in g G e o rg e ’s S o u n d .
T h e “ toobitooit” o r “ toobetoobit” o f th o n a tiv e s n e a r
A lb a n y , K in g G e o rg e ’s S o u n d , se em s to b e a llie d e ith e r to
Oda.v o r S c a ru s . D e p . Ass. Com m . G en . N e ill, from
w h o s e d raw in g a lo n e th e s p e c ie s is k n ow n to u s , re c k o n s
th e r a y s a s fo llow s : “ D . 17 soft a n d 11 f le s h y ; A. 11
f le s h y ; P . 11 ; V. 4 s tro n g ra y s .” H i s fig u re (No. 3 3 lib .
c ita t.) r e p r e s e n ts a sub fu sifo rm fish , ta p e r in g g r a d u a lly
from th e p e c to ra l r e g io n to th e ta il, w h ic h is a b o u t h a l f th e
h e ig h t o f th e n a p e . T h e b a c k is le s s c o n v e x th a n th e
b e lly , th e h e a d le s s o b tu s e th a n a b u t m o re so th a n
is u su a l in O d a x . T h e la te r a l lin e s tr a ig h t a n d co n tin u o u s .
T h e j aw s sc a ro id . V e n tra ls u n d e r th e m id d le o f t h e p e c to
ra ls , a n d b e gm n iu g o f th e d o rs a l. D o r s a l spm o u s rays,
w h ic h w o u ld a p p e a r from M r. N e ill’s n o te ab o v e q u o te d to
b e fle x ib le , d e c re a s in g in h e ig h t from th e f ir s t to th e sev en te
e n th , w h ic h is le s s th a n h a l f a s h ig h . T h e j o in t e d p o r tio
n o f th e fiu ris e s a b ru p tly to a g r e a te r h e ig h t th a n a n y
o f th e sp in o u s ra y s , a n d th e a n a l is lik e to it. T h e n a k e d
t ru n k o f th e ta il fo rm s a fifth o f th e wh o le l e n g th o f th e
fish. T h e c a u d a l h a s th e u p p e r a n d u n d e r a n g le s p ro j
e c t in g c o n s id e ra b ly , b u t is o th e rw is e even a t th e eud.
T h e fish is b la c k , w ith a g re e n ish tin g e o n th e b e lly . A
sp o t ro u n d th e a n te r io r n o s tr il, th e in n e r p a r t o f f ir s t p e c to
r a l r a y , a n d a s tr ip e n e x t th e u p p e r a n d u n d e r c a u d a l
ra y s , o f a b r illia n t b lu e . T h e s c a le s , o f w h ic h th r e e a c c
om p a n y th e d r aw in g , a re m o d e ra te ly la rg e , o b lo n g , a n d
ro u n d e d a t b o th e n d s . T h e i r b a s e s a rc m a rk e d b y te n oc
twe lve fan -lik e lin e s , a n d th e ir e x p o s e d d isk s c o v e re d with
th ic k ep id e rm is . T h is fish is a n in h a b ita n t o f ro c k y
sh o re s , a n d is r a r e . T h e sp e c im e n w a s sp e a r e d b y a n a tiv
e , a n d a s i t is s a id to b e u n k n ow n to th e s e a le rs i t m o st
lik e ly d o e s n o t ta k e a h o o k . F rom th e fo rm o f its jaw s it
fe e d s m o s t p ro b a b ly e ith e r o n s e a -w e ed s o r co ra llin e s.
L e n g ih o f d raw in g 13 in c h e s .
H ab. K in g G e o rg e ’s S o u n d .
L abrds inscriptus, v e l T autoga inscripta. R ic h a rd so n .
R a d i i:— B . ; D . 9 |1 4 ; A. 3 | I 0 ; C. 1 2 | ; P . 1 3 ; V. 1|5.
P la te L V L , figs. 1, 2.
T h e pro file o f th is fish, w h en its j aw s a rc fu lly r e tr a c te d ,
is a re g u la r e llip s e , with a v e rtic a l d iam e te r e q u a l lo on e -
th i rd o f th e tra n sv e rs e o ne . T h e h e a d is a c u to in p ro file , b u t
th e e llip s e is lo s t in th e t ru n k o f th e ta il, w h o s e h e ig h t is
co n ta in e d tw ic e a n d a q u a r te r in th e h e ig h t o f th e h o d y .
T h e to ta l le n g th o f th e fish, c a u d a l in c lu d e d , is th r e e tim e s
a n d a h a l f g re a te r th a n i t s h e ig h t, a n d fo u r tim e s g re a te r
th a n th e le n g th o f th e h e a d . T h e th ic k n e s s is r a th e r le s s
th an h a l f th e h e ig h t. T h e jaw s a re co n s id e ra b ly p ro tra
c tile , th e p r em a x illa ry p e d ic le s g o in g a s fa r b a c k a s th e
m id d le o f th e o rb it. T h e p r em a x illa ry lip s a re w e ll d e v e lo
p ed a n d p la ite d , ancl, to g e th e r w ith th e m a n d ib u la r o n e s ,
are la x , a n d c a p a b le o f b e in g tu rn e d b a c k even a t th e sym p
h y s e s o f th e jaws. E a c h lim b o f e a ch jaw is a rm e d b y
a b o u t twe lv e te e th in th e p r in c ip a l se rie s, s tro n g e s t as
u su a l, a n d lo n g e s t n e x t th e sym p h y s is , a n d d im in ish in g
rap id ly tow a rd s th e co rn e rs o f th e m o u th . T h e r e is a lso a
c an in e to o th a t th e c o rn e r o f th e m o u th , itn p la n te d m th e
tip o f th e p r em a x illa ry , a n d a d is tin c t in te r io r row o f sm a ll
te e lh a b o v e a n d b e low . T h e jaw s c a n b e so r e tr a c te d u n der
th e p r e o rb ita r t h a t ev en th e lower p a r ts o f th e p r em a x illa
rie s a re co v e re d . T h e e y e , sm a ll, ro u n d a n d n e a r th e
profile, is tw o d iam e te r s o f th e o rb it from th e p o in t o f th e
h e a d , w ith th e jaw s fu lly r e tr a c te d , a n d th r e e d iam e te rs
from th e ed g e o f th e g ill-o p e n in g . T h e la tte r is r e s tr ic te d
above b y m em b ra n e , w h ic h c o n n e c ts th e w h o le u p p e r ed g e
o f th e o p e rc u lum to th e sh o u ld e r. T h r e e row s o f ro u n d
sc a le s co v e r th e o p e rc u lum a n d s u b o p e rc u lum , e x c e p t th e
lower an g le o f th e l a tte r , w h ic h , w ith th e b ro a d sem i-m em -
b ra n o u s in te ro p e rc u lum a n d d isk o f th e p re o p e rc u lum , a re
c lo th ed w ith sm o o th sk in . T h e c h e e k , a s fa r fo rw a rd as
th e fro n t o f th e o rb it a n d h in d c o rn e r o f th e p r e o rb ita r , is
p ro te c te d b y sm a ll ro u n d sc a le s , w h ic h d e s c e n d from th e
na rrow s u b o rb ita r s to th e b o rd e r o f th e p r e o p e r c u la r disk.
T h e r e a re sev en o r e ig h t row s u n d e r th e ey e , w h ich d im
inish on th e tem p le s to two o r th re e . T h e u p p e r r a n p
o f s c a le s sh ow a lo n g e r d isk , a n d th e su p ra -s c a p u la r, a s th e
in te g um e n ts d ry , shows lik e a la rg e s c a le on th e s id e o f th e
n ap e . T h e sk in o f th e to p o f th e h e a d a n d ro u n d th e eye
is full o f p o re s . T h o la te r a l lin e is tr a c e d o n tw en ty -fiv e
scales, ex c lu s iv e o f tw o o r th re e w ith o u t tu b e s o n th e ^ s e
o f th e c a u d a l, a n d th e u su a l fille ts b e tw e e n tb e ray s . T h e
small tu b e s a re d iv id ed b y th re e suc c e ssiv e b ifu rc a tio n s ,
a n d g e n e r a lly d iv e rg e co n s id e ra b ly , few_ b e in g c lo se or
b u sh y ; b u t tlie re is c o n s id e r a b le v a rie ty in th e n um b e r o f
b ra n c h e s o n th e d iffe ren t sc a le s , w ith o u t a n y re g u la r d im in
u tio n in th e ir n um b e r e ith e r tow a rd s th e h e a d or ta il.
T h e d o rs a l sp in e s a re su b u la te a n d ve ry a c u te , w ith th e
m em b ran o u s fille ts b e h in d th em , a s in th e p r e c e d in g s p e cies.
T h e so ft ra y s a re som ew h a t ta lle r. T h e p e c to ra ls
are ro u n d e d , th e v e n tr a ls a c u te , a n d th e c a u d a l ev en , w ith
the c o rn e rs ro u n d e d o f f
T h e co lo u rs a re , in sp irits , g e n e ra lly o f a d u ll a n d da rk
b row n tin t, with a p a le m a rk o n e a c h s c a le , b e a r in g some
re s em b lan c e lo th e c h a ra c te r s o f th e P e r s ia n a lp h a b e t.
T h e re a rc som e d a rk m a rk s o n th e ch e ek a n d p r e o p e r c u lum,
o n e on th e b a s e o f th e p e c to r a l, a n d th e membra.ne
co n n e c tin g th e firs t th re e d o rs a l sp in e s is b la c k is h , w ith
p a le sp e ck s . T h e r e a re a lso m a n y p a le sp e c k s o u th e ana l.
I h a v e su s p e c te d th a t th is fish m ay b e th e O ta h e itia n
I tilis h o ry ii o f L e s so n [Voy. d e la C o q uille , PI. 36), from
th e s im ila rity o f th e m a rk in g s , b u t h is figure sh ow s no
sc a le s o n th e ch e e k o r low e r h a l f o f th e o p e rc u lum , a n d all
th e fins h av e d ifie re n l forms from th o s e o f o u r fish. N o
tr a c e s rem a in in th e la tte r o f th e b la c k c r e s c e n t on th e o c c
ip u t, n o r o f th e m a rk in g s o n th e d o rs a l, p e c to r a ls , v e n t
r a ls a n d c a u d a l, w h ich a re sh ow n in L e s so n ’s figure . It
is to b e o b s e rv e d , h ow eve r, th a t a fte r a sk e tc h o f L e s s o n s
sp e c im e n w a s ta k e n , th e fish was e a te n , so th a t n o c om p a r
a tiv e e x am in a tio n o f th e s p e c ie s h a s y e t b e e n m ad e .
L e n g tli 104 in c h e s .
H a b . N o rfo lk I s la n d . (P o ly n e s ia ? )
Caranx georgianus. C uv. e t Val.
Scomber micans, Solander. Pise. Austr. MS. p. 27. Au Parkinson’s
Cuv. el Val. ix. p.85. Joujns Zool. of Beagle,
T> 71 Richardson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. x. p. 14. , - ,
“ Madawick,” Neill’s Drawings of Fishes of King George s Sound,
No. 32.
R .a d i i : - B . 7 ; D . 8 l - l | 2 7 ; A. 2 - l l 2 3 ; C . 1 9 | ;
P . I j l 9 ; V. 1|5.
P la te L V I IL , figs. 1— 3.
T h i s sp e c ie s was d is c o v e re d a t O p o o ra g i, in N ew Z e a la
n d , on C o o k ’s f irs t v o y a g e , a n d a d r aw in g m a d e o f i t b y
S id n e y P a rk in s o n , wliich is p r e s e rv e d , a lo n g w ith th e r e s t
o f th e N a tu v a l-H is to ry s k e tc h e s ta k e n o n th a t v o y ag e , in
th e B a n k s ia n L ib r a ry . S o la n d e r’s d e s c r ip tio n is p u b lis h e d
in th e A n n a ls a n d M a g a z in e o f N a tu r a l H is to r y a s a b o v e
o u o te d . T h e sp e c im e n d e s c r ib e d in th e H is to ir e des
P o is so n s was p ro c u r e d b y M M . Q u o y a n d G a im a rd in
K in g G e o rg e ’s S o u n d . W e h a v e h a d sp e c im e n s from th a t
lo c a lity a lso , a n d from th e n o r th -w e s t c o a s ts o f A u s tra lia ,
c o lle c te d b y S u rg e o n B y n o e o f th e R o y a l N a v y ; a lso from
N o rfo lk is la n d , th ro u g h th e k in d n e s s o f D r. M e W illiam ;
b e s id e s some from N ew Z e a la n d , in S ir J am e s R o s s ’s c o lle
c tio n . M r. N e ill m e n tio n s th a t th is fish is th e “ s k ip j
a c k ” o f t h e s e a le rs , th e “ m ad aw ick ” o f th e a b o r ig in e s ;
th a t i t is a ve ry com m o n in h a b i ta n t o f s h a llow s an d y b ay s ,
a n d forms a s ta p le a r tic le o f fo o d for th e n a tiv e s , who a s s
em b le in fin e c a lm d a y s a n d d rive th e fish in to w e irs
formed o f b r a n c h e s o f tr e e s a n d s h ru b s . I t is o c c a s io n a lly
ta k e n b y th e h o o k . T h e c lo se re s em b la n c e o f th e sp e c ie s
to C. lu n a a n d p la te s s a is n o tic e d in th e H is to ir e des
Poissons. T h e sp e c im en we h a v e figured h a s a r a y few e r
in th e d o rs a l a n d a n a l th a n th e n um b e rs s ta le d b y S o la n d
e r, C u v ie r, J e n y n s a n d N e ill. T h e s c a le s a re sm a ll, a n d
e x i s t o n th e in te ro p e rc u lum , p re o p e rc u lum , su b o p e rc u lum
a n d b re a s t. T h e r e a re fo rty -o n e o r f o rty -tw o s c a le s o n th e
s tr a ig h t p o s te r io r p a r t o f th e la te r a l lin e , u v e n ly -tw o ot
w h ich a re d e c id e d ly ke e led a n d c u sp id a te . T h e c u sp id a te
s c a le s p a s s g rad u a lly in to th e sm a lle r, so ft, ro u n d ones,
b o th o n th e b a s e o f t h e c a u d a l a n d a n te rio rly . T h e ta lle s t
d o rsa l sp in e m e a su re s n e a rly o n e - th ird o f th e h e ig h t of th e
b o d y a t th e v e n tra ls , a n d th e fre e s p in e s a re c lo s e to th e
a n u s . T h e a c u te o c c ip ita l rid g e low e rs a little a s it a p p
ro a c h e s th e p o in t o f th e r e c um b e n t d o rs a l sp in e , a n d d o e s