p o s te r io r o r o u te r e d g e , a n d fo n n th r e e sm a ll ta p e r in g
lo b e s , o f w h ich th e m id d le o n e is th e sm a lle s t. T h e g r a n
u la tio n s o f th e s u rfa c e o f th is lip e x te n d inw a rd s to th e
c a v ity o f th e m o u th , w ith o u t a n y d e f in e d ed g e o f te rm in a tio
n . F ig u re 3, P la te 2 9 , sh ow s th e orific e o f th e m o u th
to o ro u n d , th e lo b e s a t th e c o rn e r o f th o m o u th to o sm a ll,
a n d w ith o u t frin g e s , a n d th e lower lip a lso in c o r r e c t in o u t lin
e . T h e w o o d - c u t is in tro d u c e d to rem e d y th e s e d e fe c ts,
a n d e x h ib its th e m o u th n e a r ly c lo s ed . T h e m o u th o p en s
s im p ly b y th e d e p r e s s io n o f th o low e r jaw , b r in g in g fo rw a rd
th e l o w e r e n d o f th e m a x illa r ie s . T h e in te rm a x illa r ie s ,b e in g
s le n d e r, s tr a ig h t b o n e s , w ith o u t p e d ic le s , a re in c a p a b le o f
p ro tra c tio n . T h e ir le n g th c o rre sp o n d s to th e b r e a d th o f th e
lip , w h ich th e y c ro s s w ith som e o b liq u ity , a n d th e y a re
a r tic u la te d to a sm a ll b o n y tu b e rc le , p o s te r io r to th e n a s a l
b a rb e l. T h e m a x illa ry d e s c e n d s from n e a r th e tip o f tlie
sn o u t, c o n c e a le d b y th e in lcg um en t.s , to th e a r tic u la tio n o f
th e m te rm a x illa ry , a n d th e re m a k e s a b e n d , w h en its s le n d
e r lim b b e c om e s v is ib le , a n d g r a d u a lly w id e n s in to a fla t,
y e t n a r row d isk , w h ich re a c h e s th e c o rn e r o f th e m o u th .
B e tw e e n th e ro s tr a l b a rb e l a n d th e m id d le o f th e u p p e r lip
th e r e is a a sm o o th m e s ia l furrow, a n d o u e a c h s id e o f it,
in c lin in g tow a rd s th e c o rn e r s o f th e m o u th , a sh o rt,
ro u n d e d , s c a ly r id g e . A d e e p fo ld ru n s b a c k from th e
s n o u t a lo n g th e u n d e r ed g e o f th e p r e o rb ita r a n d ch e e k ,
to th e a r tic u la tio n o f th e lowe r jaw , u n d e r th e m id d le o f
the. o rb it. T h i s fo ld e n tire ly c o v e rs th e re tra c te d m a x illa
ry . I t is s c a ly , a s a re a ll tb e p a r ts on th e h e a d , e x c e p t
th e lip s a n d th e a n g le s o f th e m o u th a n d low e r jaw , w h ic h
fo ld inw a rd s w h e n th e orific e is sh u t. W ith in th e u p p e r
l ip th e r e is a b ro a d th ic k v e lu m ; th e in s id e o f th e m o u th
i s l in e d w ith p u rp lis h -b la c k sm o o th m em b ra n e ; th e vomer
sh ow s a n a r row , sm o o th su rfa c e , ru n n in g to th e e n d o f th e
s n o u t, a n d o n e a c h s id e o f i t is th e v a u lte d p a la te -b o n e . T h e
b a s ila r b o n e jo in s th e v om e r e v en ly , a n d th e r e is n o th ic k
c u sh io n o u th e u p p e r su rfa c e o f th e fau c e s , su c h a s may
b e o b s e rv e d iu th e C a rp s , n e ith e r d o e s th e g o rg e t-sh a p e d
b a s ila r p ro c e s s o f th e C a ta s tom i e x is t, its office b e in g p e r fo
rm e d b y a g ro u p o f te e lh o n e a c h s id e o f th e m e s ia l
l in e , c o n n e c te d to th e b a s ila r b o n e b y th e in te rv e n tio n o f
so ft p a r ts . T h e s e te e th a re sh o r t, c y lin d r ic a l, a n d t r u n c
a te d o r w o rn o n th e t ip s , n in e te e n in e a c h g ro u p above ,
a n d tw e n ty -fo u r in th e s in g le m e s ia l c lu s te r b e low . F o u r
b r a n c h ia l a r c h e s lie e n tir e ly b e h in d th e s e te e th , rem o te
from th e o rific e o f th e m o u th , a n d fu rn ish e d w ith lo n g ,
s le n d e rly s u b u la te , in te r io r rak e rs.
T h e llire e g ill-ra y s a re in s e rte d c o n tig u o u s ly in to th e
e x tr em ity o f th e os h yo id e s , th e u p p e r o n e , wh ich lie s b e n
e a th th e s u b o p e rc u lum , b e in g m u c h b ro a d e r th a n th e
o th e r tw o , p a r tic u la r ly tow a rd s its e n d . T h e gill-n iem -
b r a n e is s c a ly , w ith sm o o th , lo n g itu d in a l lin e s o n th e
th ro a t w h e re i t fo ld s , a n d , in fa c t, th e wh o le h e a d i s d e n s e ly
s c a ly , e x c e p t th e few sm o o th p a r t s th a t h a v e b e e n m e n t
io n e d . T h e h in d e r ed g e o f th e o p e r c u lum is c u rv e d in
th e s e gm e n t o f a c irc le , b u t a sm a ll s c a ly flap a t ta c h e d to
th e ro u n d o f th e su b o p e rc u lum r e n d e r s th e o p e n in g v e rtic
a l, th e g ill-m em b ra n e b e in g b le n d e d w ith th e th r o a t u n d
e rn e a th . I n th e d r ie d sp e c im e n , th e p re o p e rc u lum sh ow s
a h o r iz o n ta l u n d e r lim b , c o n s id e ra b ly lo n g e r th a n th e v e r tic
a l o n e , w h ich i t m e e ts a t a r ig h t a n g le . T h e in n e r ed g e
o f th e d isk is m o re p rom in e n t th a n th e o u te r o n e , a n d lie s
in th e sam e h o r iz o n ta l lin e w ith th e lowe r e d g e o f th e p r e o
rb ita r. T h e c o rn e r o f th e b o n e is s h o r tly ro u n d e d . In
th e r e c e n t fish th e s c a ly in te g um e n t e n tir e ly c o n c e a ls th e
b o n e s .
T h e p e c to r a ls , a b o u t e q u a l to th e h e a d in le n g th , a re
a t ta c h e d b e n e a th th e m id d le h e ig h t, c lo s e to th e g ill-
o p e n in g , a n d a re o b liq u e o n th e m a rg in , th e ir low e r ray s
b e c om in g g r a d u a lly sh o rte r. A ll Ihe ray s , eleven in n um b
e r , a re m u c h b r a n c h e d , e x c e p t th e u p p e rm o s t a n d low e rm
o s t, w h ic h a re n e a r ly s im p le , b u t jo in t e d lik e th e r e s t,
a n d th e y a re a ll s c a ly for m o re th a n h a l f tlie ir le n g th .
A b o v e th e fin th e r e is a lo n g , tr ia n g u la r , ta p e r in g , a cu te ,
s c a ly a p p e n d a g e . T h e r e is n o fre e a p p e n d a g e b e n e a th
th e fin, b u t th e low e r r a y is e d g e d b y a s lip o f s c a ly in t e g
um e n t. T h e tru n c a te d v e n tra ls , c o n ta in in g n in e ra v s ,
th e la s t o n e d e e p ly d iv id e d , a re p la c e d fully o n e -h a lf o f
th e e n tir e le n g th o f th e fish b e h in d th e a tta c hm e n t o f th e
p e c to ra ls . T h e y a re s c a ly to a n e q u a l e x te n t n-ith th e s e
fin s , a n d h a v e a s im ila r a p p e n d a g e a b o v e , a n d n o n e below.
T h e d o rs a l is o p p o s ite to th e v en tra ls , ancl c o n ta in s e leven
jo in t e d ra y s , w h ich d e c re a s e in le n g th from th e s e c o n d o ne
b a c kw a rd s . T h e first, wh ich is a s ta ll a s th e s e c o n d o ne ,
is th e o n ly n n b r a n c h e d o u e ; a n d in c um b e n t o n its b a s e
th e r e a re ffiree ve ry sh o r t, th in , u n jo in te d rays. T h is fin
is c o v e re d a t th e b a s e b y sm a ll sc a le s , w h ich ris e from th e
b a c k with th e forwa rd m o v em e n t o f th e ray s , le av in g a
sm o o th lin e u n d e rn e a th p o s te rio rly . M in u te s c a le s a lso
ru n u p b e tw e e n th e ra y s b e y o n d th e m id d le o f th e fin.
T h e a n a l, p la c e d m idw ay b e tw e e n ih e c a u d a l a n d d o rsa l,
is sm a lle r th a n th e l a tte r fin, b u t o f s im ila r form, a n d c o n ta
in s sev en jo in t e d ra y s , a ll b r a n c h e d b u t th e f ir s t o ne ,
b e fore th e b a s e o f w h ic h th e r e a re tw o ta p e r in g ra y s , w ith o
u t jo in ts , b u t a p p a r e n tly w ith fle x ib le tip s . T h e s c a le s
a re d isp o s e d o n th is fin in tlie sam e way a s o n th e do rsa l.
T h e c a u d a l d o e s n o t e x c e e d a t e n th o f th e le n g th o f th e
fish , is n e a r ly even a t th e e n d w h en fu lly e x te n d e d , a n d is
c om p o s e d o f n in e te e n r a y s , w ith th r e e s h o r t o n e s above
a n d be low .
T h e s c a le s a re o b lo n g , with n e a r ly p a ra lle l s id e s , a
tru n c a te d b a s e , a n d th e free e n d c u rv ed in th e s e gm e n t o f
a c irc le , a n d s tro n g ly c ilia ted . T h e b a s a l p a r t is m a rk e d
b y fan -lik e fu rrow s , w h ic h r a d ia te from a p o in t c o n s id e r a b
ly b e y o n d th e m id d le o f th e s c a le . W h e n in s ilu , a
la rg e p a r t o f th e s c a le is co v e red , th e c irc u la r lip on ly
b e in g e x p o s e d . T h e r e a re a b o u t 178 sc a le s be twe en th e
g ill-o p e n in g a n d c a u d a l fin, a n d tw e n ty - e ig h t o r th ir ty in
a v e r tic a l line .
T h e u p p e r p a r t o f th e sp e c im e n s h a v e a g lau c o u s -g re y
h u e , th e low e r p a r t b e in g r e d d is h , a n d th e two tin ts m e e t
w ith o u t m ix in g in a s tr a ig h t lin e b e low th e m id d le . T h e
la te r a l lin e is s tra ig h t, w ith a s c a rc e ly p e r c e p tib le b e n d
o v e r th e v e n tra ls . W h e n e x am in e d with a le n s , th e u n c o v
e re d d isk o f a s c a le a p p e a r s to be le a d g rey , s tu d d e d with
b la c k dots.
T h e r e a re la rg e b la c k p a tc h e s o n a ll th e lin s , e x c e p t
th e an a l, in w h ic h th e p o s te r io r c om e r m e re ly o f th e fin
a p p e a r s to h av e b e e n d a rk ish .
T h e in te s tin a l c a n a l d e s c e n d s in form o f a s le n d e r tu b e
fo r a n in c h a n d th re e q u a r te r s in th e sp e c im en we e x a m
in e d , a n d th e n jo in s a n o v a l m u s c u la r s tom a c h o f th e
s iz e o f a k id n e y -b e a n , close to its fu n d u s , o r lowe r end.
T h e p y lo ru s is a t th e e n d o f th e s tom a c h , n e x t th e h e a d ,
a n d th e g u t ru n s from th e n c e s tr a ig h t to th e a n u s , s len d e r,
a n d w ith o u t d ila ta tio n s . F iv e cæ c a a re c lu s te r e d ro u n d
th e p y lo ru s , a n d tie d d ow n to th a t e n d o f th e s tom a c h b y
m em b ran e . T h e y a re u n e q u a l in le n g th , a n d th e tip o f
th e lo n g e s t p a s s e s th e fu n d u s o f th e s tom a c h b y h a l f its
le n g th . T h e wh o le in te s tin a l c an a l is b la c k ish . T h e liv e r,
o n th e c o n tra ry , is p a le , a n d is d iv id e d tr a n sv e r s e ly o n th e
su rfa c e , wh ich is e x p o s e d , w h en th e b e lly is o p e n e d , for
tw o -th ird s o f its th ic k n e s s , in to th r e e u n e q u a l s lic e s , th a t
lie u p o n e a ch o th e r lik e th e le a v e s o f a b o o k . I t co v e rs
th e s tom a c h in th a t p o s itio n , b u t n o t th e t ip o f th e lo n g
cæcum.
12-45 iinches.
2-22
0-52
0-85
8-92
11-20
1-00 ”
0-50
0-25
0-80
0-40 „
DIMENSIONS
OF THE SPECIMEN IN SPIRITS.
Lens-lb from lip of snout to end of c audal-fin r* inches.
„ edge o f g ill-flap .................. „ „ m o u th ..................................... eye .............................
„ „ v en t..............................
„ .. base of caudal ....
Thicliiiess, an d also h e ig h t o f b ody........................
Heig h t of ta il .
Dislance between ven lra ls..........................................
Length of stomach ....................................................
W id th of ditto ..............................................................
T h e O th e r s p e c im e n s a re a few i n c h e s lo n g e r .
H a b . W e s t A u s tr a lia a n d P o r t N ic h o lso n , C o o k ’s S tr a it,
N ew Z e a lan d .
E m m e l ic h t h y s n i t id u s . R ic h a rd so n .
R a d i i :— B. 7 ; D . 1 3 j— 9 vel 1 0 ; A. f ljlO ; C. 1 7 | ;
P . 1 9 e t 3 ; V. 1|.5.
P la t e X X IX ., figs. 7 , 8 .
T h is fish is a lso a d is c o v e ry o f S ir G e o rg e G r e y ’s, in
W e s t Au stra lia . I fe e l a t a lo ss a s to th e g en u s , o r ev en
family, to w h ich i t p ro p e r ly b e lo n g s ; a n d Üie sp e c im en s
b e in g m e re ly d r ie d sk in s , fu rn ish e x te rn a l c h a r a c te r s only.
Ju d g in g from th e s e , I am in c lin e d to th in k th a t i t h a s th e
n e a re s t affinity w ith th e M a n id a , a n d with C a s io p a r t ic u la
rly ; b u t from th is i t d iffe rs in liav in g sei-en g ill-ra y s , a
d e e p ly a n d w id e ly -n o tc h e d d o rs a l, s c a ly sh e a th s to th e
fins o f a d iffe ren t c h a r a c te r , a n d th e sn o u t, g ill-p ie c e s , a n d
m a x illa rie s , m o re e x te n s iv e ly a n d c lo s e ly s c a ly . I t is n o t
w ith o u t a g e n e r a l re s em b la n c e to some C e n tro p r is fe s o f
th e A r r ip i s g ro u p , b u t h e r e a g a in th e to o th le s s ro o f o f th e
m o u th , a n d th e ve ry p e c u lia r a rra n g em e n t o f th e s c a le s o n
th e h e a d , a re su ffic ien t to k e e p i t d is tin c t. I t h a s little
re s em b lan c e to th e tru e S c ia n id a , w ith d o u b le d o rs a ls
a u d c a n c e lla te d , c o n v e x sk u lls , w h ile th e a b s e n c e o f p o r e s
on th e low e r jaw d is s ev e rs i t from H a m u lo n , P r is tip om n ,
D ia g ram m a , &c. I n th e e x te n t o f th e s c a le s o f th e
h e a d , a n d some o th e r c h a r a c te r s , i t re s em b le s G la u co soma,^
b u t d iffe rs from i t w id e ly in g en e ra l a s p e c t, in
d en titio n , th e p ro tr a c tile m o u th , a n d m a n y o th e r p a r t ic u la
rs. T h e w an t o f te e lh is a s ig n if ic a n t c h a r a c te r , which
i t h a s in com m o n w ith M a q iia r ia , b u t th e la tte r h a s o n ly
five g ill-ray s . U n d e r th e s e c irc um s ta n c e s , I h a v e d is tin g
u ish e d tlie fish b y a new g e n e ric n am e , c o n s tru c te d , in
a llu s io n to its p e c u lia r ly n e a t a sp e c t, from con c in -
n u s , a n d i%9i/i. T lie th re e sh o r t, s le n d e r, lowe r ra y s o f th e
p e c to r a l a re n o t b r a n c h e d , b u t i t d iftc rs in a s p e c t, a s w e ll
a s in th e n a tu r e o f its s c a le s , from L a t r is , in w h ic h th is
p e c u lia r ity in th e form o f th e p e c to r a l e x te n d s to a g re a te r
m iin b e r o f ray s .
E m m e l ic h t h y s .
F o rm a corporis Sm a ris v e l C æ s io n is .
Os te rm in a le , r e c tè a n tr o r s um p r o tr a c tile om n in o e d e n -
ta tu m . D e n ie s p h a ry n g c i s e ta c e i. M a x illæ den se
sq u am o sa . In te rm a x illa r ia la b ia q u e n u d a .
P r e o rb ita le disco n u d o , in a q u a l i , s em io v a li, m a r g in e i n f e r
io r i concavo v i x c r e u u la to .
P r e o p e r c u lu r a p a ra h o lic um m a r g in e g r a c illim o te n u ite r
su lc a to v i x c r e n u la to . S u b o p e rc u lum m a r g in e arc to ,
su h n em h ra n a c e o ie n u is s im è costalo, h in c c ilia to -d e n -
ta to . 0 \)e rcu]um em a r g in a tum , aitgiiUs p la n i s a c u lis .
S c a p u la s q u um ifo rm is , e ro so -d e n ta ta , sq u am is p a r v is
te c ta .
A p e r tu r a b r a n c h ia lis am p ia in f r a a n te m ed io s oculos f i s s a .
R a d ii b r a n c h io s te g i sep tem .
P im iæ v e n tra le s a n i ic â p a r te p i n n a p e c io r is a f f ix a .
P in n a do rsi lo n g a a q u e ac p in n a a n i in sulco sq u am o so
mov ens. P a r s e ju s sp in o sa e squamosa. I n p a r te a ite r à
e t in p in n a a n i, th e ca sq u am o sa f e r è a d a p ic e s p o s te -
rioì-es a lie n u a to s e x c u r r i t . P in n a om n e s a l i a u sq u e
a d m e d ia s sq u am o sa .
A n u s p o n e m e d ium p is c em .
S q u am æ c te n o id e a , m ed io c re s, c a p u t u n d iq u e p r a t e r dis-
c um p r e o r b ila lis , la b ia , p a r te s m em b ra n á c e a s or is e t
m em b ra n am b ra n ch io s le g am iegente s. S q u a m a g e n a
tem p o rum o p e r c u lo rum q u e o rd in e q u o d a n i p e c u lia r i,
c ir c u la r i c o n c in n iie r in s tr u c ta .
I n g e n e ra l form th is fish h a s m u c h o f th e n e a t a s p e c t o f
a Sm a ris. T h e b o d y ta p e r s g r a d u a lly to th e b a s e o f th e
c a u d a l, th e p ro file o f th e ta i l b e in g m e re ly a c o n tin u a tio n
o f th e c u rv e o f th e d o rs a l lin e , a n d th e la te r a l lin e , w h ic h
is tr a c e d a t th r e e q u a r te r s o f th e h e ig h t, ru n s p a r a lle l to
th e b a c k in a ve ry flat a rc , w ith o u t th e u su a l c h a n g e to a
h o r iz o n ta l d ir e c tio n a fte r p a s s in g th e do rsa l a n d a n a l fin s.*
T h e p ro file d e s c e n d s c o n s id e ra b ly in a vei-j- .slightly c o n v
e x lin e from th e fi-ont o f th e d o rs a l to th e e n d o f th e
sn o u t, w h ic h is o p p o s ite to th e p e c to r a l fin, a n d b e low th e
m id d le h e ig h t o f th e fish. T h e h e a d , w hen th e jaw s a re
r e tr a c te d , fo rm s le s s th a n a fo u rth o f th e w h o le le n g th o f
th e fish. I t s h e ig h t a t th e n a p e is b e tw e e n o n e -fo u rth a n d
one -fifth le s s th a n its le n g th , a n d its th ic k n e s s a t th e g ill-
co v e rs , w h e re i t is gi-eatest, is eq u a l to h a l f i ts le n g th . T h e
n a p e a n d h in d h e a d a re m u c h ro u n d e d tra n sv e rs e ly . T h e
la rg e a n d p e rfe c tly c ir c u la r e y e is s itu a te d h ig h u p , w ith o u t
to u c h in g th e p ro file , o n e d iam e te r o f th e o rb it d i s ta n t from
th e u p p e r lip a n d two from th e g ill-o p e n in g . T h e sp a c e
b e tw e e n th e ey e s is e q u a l to o n e d iam e te r, a n d is fla ttish .
T h e c irc um fe re n c e o f th e o rh il i s s c a ly c lo se to th e b a ll, th e
s c a le s co n c e a lin g th e w h o le s u b o rb ita r ch a in , a n d co v e rin g
th e b a s e o f th e p r e o rb ita r . B u t th e a n te r io r d isk o f th is b o n e
* Th e speoimens, he in g merely dried skins, do not show th e thickness
o f th e bodv correctly, nor th e comjiarative acuteness of the ba ck and
belly, b u t the pvofile'seems to he cmnpletely ])reserved.