f ic a tio n is a n u n f in ish e d p e n c il s k e tc h b y P a rk in s o n , p r e s
e rv e d in th e B a n k s ia n L ib ra ry . T h i s e x h ib its o n ly fifte en
d o rs a l sp in e s , a n d d o e s n o t agi-ee, in t h a t re s p e c t, w ith a n y
sp e c im e n we h a v e s e en . A n o th e r sp e c ie s , p ro c u r e d in
D u s k y B a y , w a s n am e d b y J . B . F o r s te r S c ia n a U n ea ta ,
a u d h is d e s c r ip tio n o f i t p u b lis h e d in S c h n e id e r ’s B lo c h ,
u n d e r th e a p p e lla tio n o f C ic h la lin e a ia , a n d a lso in th e
e d itio n o f h is n o te s , b ro u g h t o u t b y L ic h te n s te in (p. 134).
G e o rg e F o r s te r ’s s k e tc h o f th e fish, N o . 2 0 4 , in tb e B a n k s
ia n L ib r a ry , d iffe rs so m u c h in o u tlin e from L a t r i s he -
c a te ia , th a t I h a v e n o t th o u g h t i t e x p e d ie n t to re fe r b o th
to th e s am e sp e c ie s , th o u g h n o d e c id e d c h a r a c te r i s n o tic
e d in th e d e s c r ip tio n b y w h ich th e y c a n b e d is tin g u ish e d .
A c om p a riso n o f D u s k y B a y a n d V a n D iem e n ’s L a n d sp e c
im e n s is r e q u ir e d to d e c id e th e p o in t.
T h e re a re tw o o th e r fig u re s b y G e o rg e F o r s te r , w h ich
h a v e a c lo s e r b e a r in g o n th e s u b je c t o f tffis a r tic le th a n th e
p r e c e d in g o n e s . O n e n um b e r e d 2 0 5 * in th e B a n k s ia n
co lle c tio n , is a c o lo u re d d raw in g o f a fish ta k e n in D u sk y
B a y , a n d n am e d b y th e n a tiv e s M o g h e e . T h is p re s e n ts
ve ry n e a r ly th e o u tlin e o f L a t r i s k e c a te ia , b u t w a n ts th e
la te r a l s tr ip e s o f th a t sp e c ie s , a n d a lso th e y e llow ta il o f
L a t r i s H n ea ta . I t is e n title d L a t r i s c ilia r is . T h e o th e r,
a lso in s c r ib e d L a t r i s c ilia r is , is a p e n c il sk e tc h o f a fish,
o b ta in e d in Q u e e n C h a r lo tte ’s S o u n d o n th e 2 5 th o f O c to b
e r , 1774. A d e s c r ip tio n o f L a t r i s c ilia r is is c o n ta in e d
in L ic h te n s te in ’s e d itio n o f J . R . F o r s te r ’s n o t e s f (p. 137),
a n d r e fe re n c e is m a d e to a fig u re b y G e o rg e F o r s te r , b u t it
is n o t s a id w h ich o f th e two is m e a n t, a n d th e e x a c t lo c a lity
is n o t n o te d in th is w o rk a s i t is g e n e ra lly on th e d r aw in g ,
so th a t w e re c e iv e n o a s s is ta n c e from th a t co n s id e ra tio n ,!;
b u t we m a y su p p o s e th a t fig u re (No. 205) is th e o n e in te
n d e d , s in c e its d im en s io n s (nine in c h e s in to ta l le n g th ),
c o r r e sp o n d w ith th o s e g iv en in th e te x t. T h e r a y s o f th e
d o r s a l a n d a n a l f in s a re s la te d in o n e p a ra g r a p h to be ,
D . 1 6 |4 3 ; A. 2 (3 6 ; a n d in a n o th e r to b e , D . 16 ]3 8 ;
A. 2(32. S u c h a d iffe ren c e in n um b e rs ra re ly o c c u rs in
th e s am e sp e c ie s , a n d I th in k it p ro b a b le th a t th e d e s c r ip tio
n w a s m a d e a t d iffe re n t d a le s , a n d o f tw o d is tin c t s p e c
ie s . I t is w ith th e sk e tc h 209, a n d th e ra y s e n um e ra te d
iu th e l a s t p a r a g r a p h , a s well a s in th e s iz e , w h ich is s ta te d
to b e th ir ty in c h e s , llia t S ir J am e s R o s s ’s s p e c im e n , f ig u red
in P la t e 2 6 , so n e a r ly c o rre sp o n d s , th a t I h a v e co n s id e re d
th em to b e lo n g to o n e sp e c ie s , to w h ic h I h a v e a p p lie d
F o r s te r ’s n am e o f c ilia r is , b e in g u nw illin g to a d d to th e
n um b e r o f sp e c ific n am e s , w h e re i t c a n b e avo id ed . I f
F o r s te r b e su p p o s e d to h a v e o v e rlo o k ed th e firs t s h o r t a n d
in c um b e n t sp in e o f th e d o rs a l a n d an a l sp in e s , th e re is n o
m a te r ia l d is c r e p a n c y b e tw e en th e ra y s o f o u r sp e c im en
a n d th o s e e n um e ra te d in h is c o n c lu d in g p a ra g r a p h . As
to G e o rg e F o r s te r ’s fig u re s, n o g r e a t e n d e a v o u r a t a c c u ra c y
o f n um b e rs h a s b e e n m a d e , i f we m ay ju d g e b y com p
a r in g th em w ith h is f a th e r ’s d e s c r ip tio n s , b u t th e y re n d e r
* I n tbe comments I made on th is figure in th e ‘ Zoological T ra n sactions,’
iii. p. 113, the n umber o f it is erroneously p rinted 204 instead
o f 205.
f An lh ia s ciliaris, Schn. Bl. p.
Í I n Lich ten stein ’s work, th e pages containing Scitsna ciliaris and
Hneata a re h eaded Nova HoUandia, ihmigh iu the te x t th e species are
sa id to in h a b it the sea o f Nova Zcelandia.
th e g e n e r ic a s p e c t o f th e fish , fo r th e m o s t p a r t , very
h a p p ily .
O n e s e n te n c e in J . R . F o r s te r ’s n o te s o c c a s io n e d me
som e d ifficu lty , “ T u b e r c u la b in a s u p r a oculos, c i l i a r i a f
h u t I n ow th in k th a t th is m e re ly re fe rs to th e c o n v e x ity
o f th e a n te r io r f ro n ta l p ro d u c in g a n o b tu s e s u p e rc ilia ry
r id g e . T h e fig u re s sh ow n o o th e r p ro tu b e r a n c e , a lth o u g h
from th e c o n ic a l s u p r a -o rb ita r p ro je c tio n s o f th e fi'onta l
b o n e , o b s e rv ed in som e C h e ilo d a c ty li, w e m ig h t b e le d to
lo o k fo r s om e th in g s im ila r in th e a llie d g ro u p o f L a tr i s .
S ir J am e s R o s s ’s sp e c im e n , m e a s u r in g th ir ty in c h e s in
le n g th , w a s p ro c u r e d a t S id n e y , a n d b e in g p u t in to b r in e ,
wh ich sp o ile d d u r in g th o v o y ag e , re a c h e d th is c o u n try in
ve ry b a d c o n d itio n . O n th is a c c o u n t o u r fig u re c a n n o t
p r e te n d to p e r f e c t a c c u r a c y o f o u tlin e o r m a rk in g s , b u t in
o th e r r e sp e c ts i t m a y b e r e lie d u p o n .
T h e h e a d forms a fifth o f th e wh o le le n g th to th e tip o f
th e low e r lo b e o f th e c a u d a l-fin , a n d its h e ig h t a t th e n a p e
is o n e - s ix th le s s th a n its le n g th . T h e ey e is h ig h u p , a n d
m idw a y be tw e en th e t ip o f th e sn o u t a n d a p e x o f th e g ill-
flap. T h e c o n v e x sp a c e b e tw e en tlie two e y e s is le s s th a n
two d iam e te rs o f th e o rb it. T h e a n te r io r fro n ta l is c o n v ex
a n d b u lg in g . T h e m a x illa r ie s a re m o d e r a te ly p ro tr a c tile ,
th e i r p e d ic e ls e x c e e d in g th e ir d e n ta l lim b s in le n g tli. T h e
lim b s o f th e low e r j a w a re u n u s u a lly b ro a d a n d sh o r t, th e
jaw b e in g a r tic u la te d o p p o s ite to th e fore ed g e o f th e r e c ta
n g u la r p r e o rb ita r . T h e u n d e r lip fo ld s b ro a d ly b a c k
la te r a lly . T h e te e th , sm a ll, sh o r t, a n d s le n d e rly su b u la te ,
a re lo o s e ly s e t o n b o th jaw s , to th e d e p th o f five o r s ix
a t th e sym p h y s is , d im in ish in g to a s in g le o n e a t th e c om e rs
o f th e m o u th . T h e ir tip s a re b la c k in th e sp e c im e n . T h e r e
a re n o n e o n th e r o o f o f th e m o u th .
T h e p re o p e r c u lum h a s a wide sm o o th d isk , a n d i ts o u te r
e d g e is c u rv e d p a ra b o lic a lly . T h e u p p e r lim b , w h ic h is
s lig h tly co n c av e , is fin e ly s e iT a te d , th e te e th b e c om in g
o b so le te o n th e ro u n d e d c o rn e r. T h e o p e rc u lum is la rg e ,
a n d p e rm its o n ly a n a n -ow su b o p e rc u lum to a p p e a r b e n e a th
it. T h e d isk o f th e in te ro p e r c u lum i s c om p a ra tiv e ly b ro ad .
A ll th e s e b o n e s h a v e e n tir e edge s. A n o c c ip ita l c r e s t ru n s
b a c k o n th e n a p e , r e n d e r in g i t a c u te . T h e d is ta n c e from
its rid g e to th e u p p e r ed g e o f th e gill-co v e r, e x c e e d s a
th ird o f th e h e ig h t o f th e h e a d . T h e b e lly is s a id to b e
k e e le d in F o r s te r ’s n o te s . W e c a n n o t m a k e o u t i t s tru e
fo rm from th e sp e c im e n , b u t in L a t r i s U n ea ta th e side s
a re com p re s s ed , a n d th e b e lly a c u te b e h in d th e v e n lra ls ,
y e t th e re is a fla ttish u n d e r surfa c e b e fo re th e s e fin s , a n d
i t is p ro b a b le th a t c ilia r is re s em b le s i t in th e s e re sp e c ts .
T h e s c a le s a re a rr a n g e d m u c h a s in th e S c ia n id a .
T h o s e w h ic h com p o se th e la te r a l lin e a re tra v e rs e d b y a
s im p le s le n d e r tu b e , a n d a re n o tc h e d a t th e lip . T h e y
a re sm a lle r th a n th e o th e rs , a n d b e in g o v e rla p p e d b y th e
a d jo in in g s c a le s b o th a b o v e a n d b e low , ve ry little o f th e ir
d isk is se en . T h e y am o u n t to a b o u t e ig h ty -fo u r in n um b
e r , a n d d im in ish c o n s id e ra b ly in s iz e tow a rd s th e b a s e o f
th e c au d a l fiu. T h e r e a re tw e n ty -fo u r o r tw en ty -fiv e s c a le s
in a v e rtic a l row ov e r th e v en tra ls . T h e sc a ly fille ts a lo n g
th e b a s e s o f th e d o rs a l a n d a n a l fin s e x is t, a s is u su a l in
th e g en u s . T h e first do rsa l sp in e is in c um b e n t on th e
lowe r h a l f o f th e se c o n d o ne , a n d w h e n in v e s te d with soft
in te g um e n t, th e y w o u ld n a tu r a lly b e r e c k o n e d on ly a s a
s in g le sp in e , a s F o r s te r se em s to h a v e d o n e . T h e two
n o s te rio r a r tic u la te d r a y s o f th is fin a re a p p ro x im a te d , a n d
m ie h t a lso b e e n um e ra te d a s o n e . T h e first a n a l s p in e t s
so m in u te , th a t i t c a n s c a r c e ly b e fou n d w ith o u t d is s e c tio n
T h e s e c o n d o n e is a lso v e ry sh o r t, b u t i t is th ic k e r , a n d
ob tu se . T h e th i rd o n e s c a r c e ly e x c e e d s a th ird o f th e
h e ig h t o f th e s u c c e e d in g a r tic u la te d ra y , a n d is s le n d e r
a n d ta p e rin g . T h e l a s t a n a l r a y is d iv id e d to th e b a s e ,
a n d m ig h t b e re c k o n e d a s tw o . T h e v e n tra ls a re p la c e d
u n d e r th e fifth a n d s ix th d o rs a l sp in e s , a n d th e p o s te r io r
th ird o f th e p e c to ra ls . T h e lo b e s o f th e c a u d a l a re u n c -
o u a l th e low e r o n e b e in g la rg e s t. T h is fo rm o f th e c a u d a l
is very g en e ra l with th e C h e ilo d a c ty li a n d L a tr e s .
H.ab. S id n e y Co v e , A u s tra lia .
M y c t o p h u m b o o p s . R ic h a rd s o n .
C h S p e c M y c t. a l t i tu d in e corporis v e l lo n g itu d in e c a p
i t i s q u in tam p a r tem lo n g iiu d in is p is c is io tiu s a g u a n te ;
oculo m a q n o s p a tium in te ro c u la r em e x c e d e n t i ; a p p a -
r a tu lu c id o , c a r in a to f r o n t e v a ld é c o n s p ic u o ; p in n a
d o rsi s u p r a v e n tra le s a n te p o s ita s in c ip ie n t i ; p in n i s
p e c io r is a n um a ttin g e n tib u s .
R a d i i : - D . 1 4 - 0 ; A. 2 0 ; C. 1 7 | ; P . 1 5 ; V. 8 .
P l a t e X X V IL , figs. 6 - 1 2 .
M a n y M e d ite r r a n e a n fish o f th e n a tu r a l fam ily o f S a l m
ó n id a , a n d h e re to fo re c om p r is e d in th e g e n u s S co p e lu s ,
h av e b e e n in v e s tig a te d b y D r. C o tto , o f M e s s in a a n d
d is trib u te d in to v a rio u s n ew g e n e ra . T h e P r in c e of M u -
s ig n an o , in th e F a u n a I ta l ic a , h a s p u r s u e d th e in v e s tig a tio
n still fa rth e r, a d d e d a n o th e r g en u s , a n d g iv en h g u r e s
a n d d e s c rip tio n s o f th e s ev e ra l sp e c ie s , g ro u p in g th e whole
in to th e subfam ily o f S c o p o lin a . F is b o f th e s am e family
e x is t a b u n d a n tly in th e o c e a n , a n d th e sp e c im e n s b ro u g h t
h om e b y S ir J am e s R o s s e n a b le u s to d e s c rib e a n d figure
a few o f th e sp e c ie s . I f s o u g h t fo r, m a n y m o re m ig h t,
d o u b tle s s , b e a d d e d to th e lis t, b u t th e y o u g h t to b e fish e d
for with a g a u z e n e t, a n d in th e m g h t tim e , w h e n th e y
com e to th e su rfa c e in s e a r c h o f th e sm a ll C ru s ta c e a on
w h ich th e y fe ed. T h e y a re b r illia n t o b je c ts , th e ir la rg e
s c a le s b e in g r e s p le n d e n t w ith p rism a tic co lo u rs , a n d th e y
a re , m oreove r, s tu d d e d w ith row s o f p e a r ly p o in ts , s itu a te d
in th e in te g um e n t b e n e a th th e s c a le s , b u t s h in in g th ro u g h
them . G r e a t c a re s h o u ld b e ta k e n in th e ir p re s e rv a tio n ,
a s, owing to Ib e ir s c a le s b e in g v e ry d e c id u o u s , th e y a re
in ju re d b y th e s lig h te s t fric tio n .
T h e first sp e c ie s we h a v e to n o tic e b e lo n g s to th e gem is
M y c to p h um o f C o c c o , a n d D r. H o o k e r ’s sk e tc h . N o . 8 9 ,
p re s e n ts a figure o f it , d raw n from th e r e c e n t fish , c a p tu
r e d on th e 19 lh o f J a n u a ry . U n fo r tu n a te ly , th e n o te s
m ad e a t th e tim e h a v e b e e n m is la id . E x am p le s o f th e
same sp e c ie s were c o lle c te d b y S ir E dw a rd B e lc h e r , in th e
C h in a se a s, b u t n o n o te w a s ta k e n o f th e e x a c t p la c e o f
th e ir c ap tu re .
T h e g en u s M y c to p h um w a s f ir s t e s ta b lis h e d b y K a -
fine sque , b u t h e a s s ig n e d to i t e r ro n e o u s c h a ra c te rs . C o c co
sums u p its g en e ric m a rk s a s c o n s is tin g o f “ th e m in u te
c lu s te re d or b u n d le d te e th ,* a c lav ifo riu b o d y , c o v e red b y
* “ Gli sottUissimi denti si dispongeno a /n sc eiii.” — B o n .
la rg e sc a le s, am o n g w h ic h th o s e o f th e la te r a l lin e a re
c o n sp ic u o u s , th e m o u th c le f t to o p p o s ite th e h in d e r ed g e
o f th e o rb it, th e f ir s t d o rs a l o p p o s e d to th e v e n tra ls , a n d a
sh in in g a p p a r a tu s o n th e fo reh e ad , b e tw e e n th e ey e s .
T o th e s e th e P r in c e o f M u s ig n a n o a d d s— “ V e ry o b liq u e
o p e r c u la r p ie c e s , s h o r t p e c to r a l fin s , a n d b lu f f sn o u ts .”
T h e O c e an ic s p e c ie s w h ic h we h a v e to d e s c r ib e , d o n o t
e x h ib it a n y c lu s te r in g in th e d is tr ib u tio n o f th e ir te e th ,
a n d th e ir p e c to r a ls a re n o t u n ifo rm ly sh o r t, a s in th e
M e d ite r r a n e a n M y c lo p h i.
M y c to p h um hoops re c e iv e d its sp e c ific a p p e lla tio n from
its la rg e ro u n d ey e , w h ic h fills a b o u t h a l f th e sp a c e b e tw
e en th e tip o f th e sn o u t a n d ed g e o f th e g ill-co v e r, b e in g ,
h oweve r, g re a tly n e a r e r to th e former. T h e e x a c t e x te n t
o f th e s h in in g fro n ta l a p p a r a tu s c a n n o t b e a s c e r ta in e d from
o u r sp e c im e n s , w h ic h a re in ju r e d , b u t th e r e r em a in s a so ft
y e llow ish su b s ta n c e , th a t goe s a s fa r b a c k b e tw e en th e
e y e s a s th e a n te r io r th i r d o f th e o rb it, a n d fo rw a rd s ro u n d
th e n o s trils . T h in p la te s from th e fro n ta l a n d th e ed g e
o f th e n a rrow p r e o rb ita r ris e u p to su s ta in it. A fin e m e s
ia l c r e s t o f b o n e a lso sp rin g s from be tw e en th e fore p a r ts
o f th e o rb its , a n d ru n s d ow n to m e e t th e th in ed g e o f th e
p r e o rb ita r , w h ic h cu rv e s u pw a rd s ro u n d th e n o s trils .
F ig . 11, in p la te 2 7 , is e x e c u te d from a sk e tc h o f th e
r e c e n t fish , b y D r . H o o k e r, a n d sh ow s th is g la n d u la r b o d y
in a m o re e n tir e s ta te th a n in o u r sp e c im e n s .* T h e n o s trils
a re we ll d e v e lo p e d in te r io r ly , e x h ib itin g a tu rb in a te
b o n e , com p o s e d o f te n o r tw e lv e r a d ia tin g le ave s.
T h e m o u th is c le f t h o r iz o n ta lly b a c kw a rd s , to o p p o s ite
th e p o s te r io r b o rd e r o f th e o rb it, b u t th e d e n ta l su rfa c e o f
th e in ie rm a x illa ry r e a c h e s s till fa rth e r. T h o m a x illa ry
d ila te s g rad u a lly to its en d , w h ic h is o b liq u e ly tru n c a te d ,
w ith th e co rn e rs s lig h tly ro u n d e d ; a n d is s tr e n g th e n e d
from o n e e n d to th e o th e r b y a sm o o th r id g e . I t is c o v e re d
n e a r ly to its e n d b y th e p r e o rb ita r , a n d w h e n th e m o u th is
s h u t, i t r e a c h e s a lm o s t to th e p re o p e rc u lum . T h e in te r m
a x illa ry e x te n d s to th e e x tr em ity o f th e m a x illa ry , so
th a t th e la tte r fo n n s n o p a r t o f th e m a rg in o f th e m o u th .
A n ev en , n o t c row d e d , row o f fin e , s h o r t, su b u la te te e th ,
c row n s th e ed g e o f th e in te rm a x illa ry th ro u g h o u t. T h e y
a re n o t c lu s te re d , a n d a p p e a r to b e so o n ly w h e n o n e o r
two a re b ro k e n o ff h e r e a n d th e r e , le a v in g th e o th e rs m
sm a ll g ro u p s . T h e s e te e th a re v is ib le to th e n a k e d eye,
b u t o n th e o u ts id e o f th e row , o n b o th jaw s , th e r e is a
nan-ow, co n v e x , d e n ta l su rfa c e , c om p o s ed o f v e ry sh o rt,
m in u te , a c u te te e th , w h ic h c a n b e d is tin g u is h e d on ly
th ro u g h th e a id o f a m ic ro s co p e . T h e c h e v ro n o f th e
v om e r, a n d e d g e s o f th e p a la te b o n e s , a re fu rn ish e d w ith
te e th , s im ila r to th e p r in c ip a l row o n the* jaw s ; th e r e
is a s tr ip e o f m in u te o n e s c lo se w ith in th em o n th e p a la te
b o n e s , a n d th e c o n v e x d isk s o f th e s e b o n e s a re cov e red
w ith ve ry m in u te g r a n u la r te e th . T h e lo n g , su b u la te
r a k e rs o f th e o u te r b r a n c h ia l a r c h p ro je c t fo rw a rd in to th e
m o u th , o v e r th e b a s e o f th e ve ry sh o r t, tria n g u la r to n g u e ,
a n d a re cov e red w ith m in u te , a c u te te e th .
T h e s u b o rb ita r b o n e s a re th in , p a p e ry , a n d sm o o th , th e
s e c o n d o ne , s itu a te d d ire c tly u n d e r th e e y e , b e in g th e
* I n fivure (>, th e small eminence behind ilie eye, on the b in d head
and nape, is added from Dr. Hooker’s figure, there be in g no remains of
any glandular m a tte r so far ba ck in the specimens.