e x c lu d in g th e m a x illa r ie s from a n y sh a re in th e com p o s itio
n o f th e m o u th . T h e ir p e d ic le s a re a b o u t h a l f a s lo n g
a s th e lim b s , b u t g iv e su ffic ien t p ro tr a c tility to th e j a w to
p ro d u c e a d e e p , n a r row fu rrow b e tw ix t i t a n d th e p r e o rb ita
r . I n th e b o ttom o f th is fu rrow is th e m a x illa ry , w h ic h
g lid e s iu p a r t u n d e r th e e d g e o f th o p r e o rb ita r a n d c h e e k ,
a u d is c om p le te ly s h u t iu a n d c o n c e a le d w h e n th e jaw is
r e tr a c te d . T h e in te rm a x illa r ie s , u p to th e ir e x trem e tip s ,
a n d th e low e r jaw , a re a rm e d o n th e ir ed g e s b y a s in g le s e r
ie s o f v e r tic a l, in c u rv e d , c h is e l- s h a p e d te e th , w ith ro u n d e d
tr ic u s p id p o in ts , th e s id e c u sp s b e in g sm a lle r, a n d c o n s id e ra
b ly s h o r te r th a n th e m id d le o n e . T w e n ty -o n e o r tw en ty -
tw o o f th e s e te e th b e lo n g to e a c h in te rm a x illa ry , a n d a
sm a lle r n um b e r to th e o p p o s in g lim b s o f th e low e r jaw .
T h e s id e c u sp s o f th e te e th im p la n te d in th e e x trem itie s o f
th e in te rm a x illa r ie s a re o b so le te . S e p a r a te d from th e
o u te r row b y a uaiTow fuiTow o r in te rv a l, is a d e n s e b ru s h -
h k e b a n d o n e a c h jaw , com p o s e d o f te e th o f s im ila r form,
b u t m u c h fin e r a n d sh o r te r . T h e v om e r a n d p a la te b o n e
a re to o th le s s . Cr- fo r s k a l i i h a s five c u s p s to th e te e th ,
a n d in tr ig ly p h u s a n d m e la n ic h th y s , w h ic h h a v e tr ic u s p id
t e e th , tb e c u s p s a re e q u a l.
I n tephrcEops th e le n g th o f th e p r e o rb ita r is e q u a l to th e
d iam e te r o f th e b o n y o rb it, its h e ig h t is o n e - th ird le s s , a n d
I ts su rfa c e is s c a le le s s ; a s a re a lso th e c irc um fe re n c e o f th e
o rb it a n d th e to p o f th e h e a d b a c k to th e p o s te r io r th i rd o f
th e o rb its . _ I n th e d r ie d sp e c im en th e sk in o f th e s e p a r ts
a n d o f th e lip s a n d lo w e r j aw is c row d ed w ith m in u te p its .
T h e c h e e k is e n tire ly c o v e re d w ith s c a le s , w h ic h sp re a d
ov e r th e tem p le s a n d u p p e r q u a r te r o f th e g ill- c o v e r ; th e
r em a in in g p a r t o f t h e g ill-co v e r, th e in te ro p e rc u lum , a n d
d isk o f th e p r e o p e rc u lum a re c o v e re d w ith sm o o th sk in
N e a r ly th e s am e d is tr ib u tio n o f sc a le s o n th e h e a d o c c u rs
in Cr. t r ig ly p h u s , b u t in th e fig u re o f m e la n ic h th y s in p la te
3 9 o f th e ‘ F a u n a J a p ó n ic a ,’ th e u p p e r lim b o f th e p r e o p e r c
u lum a n d th e w h o le o p e r c u lum a re r e p r e s e n te d a s sc a ly .
I n te p h r a o p s th e d isk o f th e p re o p e rc u lum is w id e a n d
ro u n d e d a t th e a n g le , a n d b e c om e s g r a d u a lly n a r row a s it
a s c e n d s th e u p p e r lim b . I t is c r e n a te d o u th e e d g e , a n d in
th e d n e d sp e c im e n p re s e n ts a n u n e v e n surfa c e . T h e in te r -
o p e r c u lum a n d su b o p e r c u lum a re e n tire a n d e v e n , a n d th e
o p e r c u lum i s c u t b y a sh a llow lu n a te n o tc h , h a v in g a ro u n d e
d u p p e r c o rn e r a n d m o re a c u te in fe rio r o ne . A sm o o th
m em b ra n e fills u p th e n o tc h a n d fo rm s a na iTow e d g in g to
th e b o n e . ® °
T h e s c a le s a re sm a ll a n d o b lo n g , w ith p a r a lle l s id e s ,
tr u n c a te d b a s e s , a n d ro u n d e d c ilia te d ex trem itie s . A n o b lo
n g c e n tra l p o r tio n o f th e d isk is sm o o th , th e lin e s o f
s tru c tu r e a re p a r a lle l to (h e s id e s , a b o u t th i r te e n furrows
im p re s s th e b a s e , a n d a sm a ll p a r t o f th e tip a d jo in in g th e
m a rg in a l te e th is ro u g h . T h e n um b e r o f s c a le s in a row
b e tw e e n th e g ill-o p e n in g a n d c a u d a l fin is a b o u t 116, b u t
th e i r e x a c t n um b e r c o u ld n o t b e d e te rm in e d owing to th e
sp e c im e n h a v io g b e e n v a rn ish e d . M in u te , c lo s e ly o p p
r e s s e d s c a le s c o v e r th e m em b ra n e s o f tb e v e rtic a l fins a lm
o s t to th e ir e x trem e ed g e s , a tr ia n g u la r s lip b e h in d th e
l ip o f e a c h o f th e d o r s a l sp in e s b e in g th e o n ly sm o o th p a r t.
T h e sp in o u s d o r s a l o f tr ig ly p h u s h a s m e re ly a sm a ll fille t
o f s c a le s b e fo re th e s p in e s o n a lte rn a te s id e s o f th e m em b
r a n e . I n m e la n ic h th y s th e s c a le s g e n e ra lly a re m u c h
la rg e r.
T h e d o rs a l o f tephrceops com m e n c e s ov e r th e a x illa o f
th e p e c to r a ls , o p p o s ite to th e v e n tra ls , a n d o c c u p ie s m o s t
o f th e b a c k . I ts a n te r io r s p in e s a re g r a d u a te d , th e first b e in
g h a lf a s h ig h a s th e s e v e n th ; th e r em a in in g s e v e n are
e q u a l in h e ig h t to e a c h o th e r a n d to th e so ft p a r l o f th e fin,
w h ic h is ro im d e d p o s te rio rly . T h e a n a l d ifle rs from th a t
o f m e la n ic h th y s , in b e in g som ew h a t p o in te d a n d h ig h e s t
in its a n te r io r th ird , w h ile th e p o s te r io r p a r t is r o u n d e d lik e
th e e n d o f th e d o rsa l. I t s s p in e s a re s le n d e r, a n d th e th ird
o n e is c o n s id e ra b ly ta lle r th a n tlie s e c o n d , b e in g e q u a l to
h a l f th e le n g th o f th e lo n g e s t soft ray . T h e s e c o n d an a l
sp in e o f C r. t r ig l y p h u s is r a th e r ta lle r th a n th e th ird o ne .
T h e c a u d a l o f tep h rw o p s is lu n a te a t th e e n d w ith a c u te
tip s .
M r. N e ill’s d r aw in g is b la c k , d e e p e r o n th e b a c k a n d
fin s , a u d m o re d ilu te tow a rd s th e b e lly . A v ery d a rk sp e c k
is p la c e d b e h in d th e tip o f th e la s t d o rs a l sp in e . T h e eye
i s s ta te d to b e g ra y , a u d i t is o n th is a c c o u n t th a t w e h av e
g iv en th e sp e c ie s th e n am e o f t e p h r x o p s , a s th e o th e rs
h a v e fo r th e m o s t p a r t g re e n o r b lu e ey e s.
H a b . K in g G e o rg e ’s S o u n d , A u s tra lia .
_ C r e n id e n s z e b ra is a n o th e r s p e c ie s n am e d b y th e A b o rig
in e s K g n m m u l o r K a r r a w a y , “ T h e S tr ip e d ,” a n d b y th e
s e a le rs th e “ Z e b ra -fish .” I t d ifle rs from tephrceops, in h a v in
g n in e b la c k is h b row n b a r s d e s c e n d in g from th e b a c k ,
a n d ta p e r in g off to a p o in t o n th e w h itish b e lly . T h e fo re m
o s t s tr ip e d e s c e n d s b e h in d th e p e c to r a ls , a n d th e l a s t one
c ro s s s e s th e tru n k o f th e ta il. T h e a n a l is n o t p e a k e d a n te
r io r ly , a n d th e th r e e sp in e s o f th a t fin a re n e a r ly e q u a l in
le n g th to th e so f t ray s . A s in g le s c a le a t ta c h e d to Mr.
N e ill’s d raw in g o f th is fish (n um b e r 8 ), is even sm a lle r th a n
th e s c a le s in g e n e ra l o f tephrcBops, a n d h a s a n a r row e r
ro u n d e d b a s e , b u t is o th e rw is e s im ila r. T h e d r aw in g is
n e a rly a fo o t lo n g . M r. N e ill re c k o n s th e r a y s a s follow :
D . 1 1 |1 5 ; A. 3 ]1 1 ; V . 1]5. H e a lso s ta te s th a t th e fish
h a s a b lu is h gray e y e , th a t i t in h a b its ro c k y p la c e s , is a
gro ss fe ed e r, a n d b a d e a tin g . I t ta k e s a b a ite d hook.
S e b a s t e s p a n d u s . R ic h a rd so n .
R a d i i :— B . 6 ; D . 121— 118; A. 3 | 5 ; C . ISA ; P . 16 e t
1 V ;V . I|5 .
, .da, Richardson, Annals and Mag. of Nat. Hist. ix. p.
216. An. 1842. Tylyuck or Teluck, “ Big-head,” Native Australian
names. Icon. Drawings of the Fish of King George’s Sound, by Deputy
Asst. Comm. Gen. Neill, No. 53, Br. Mus. Length of drawing, 13
inches. Length of specimen 13 inches.
P l a t e X L I ., figs. 3, 4, n a tu r a l siz e .
T h i s sp e c ie s w a s f ir s t d e s c rib e d in th e A n n a ls o f N a tu r a l
H is to ry , q u o te d a b o v e , from a d r aw in g o f th e r e c e n t fish
m ad e a t H o u tm a n ’s A b ro lh o s , b y L ie u t. E m e ry o f th e R o y a l
N a v y . T h e tra n sv e rs e d e p re s s io n o f th e sk u ll b e h in d th e
o rb its is som ew h a t e x a g g e r a te d in h is fig u re , b u t i t is,
n ev e rth e le s s , d e e p en o u g h to m ak e th e a p p e lla tio n o f p a n d
u s a p p ro p r ia te . I n th is c h a r a c te r i t re s em b le s th e S co r-
p tE u a novm guinea:, b u t i t differs from th a t fish in th e a b s
e n c e o f cu ta n e o u s filam e n ts o n th e h e a d a n d b o d y .
th e form o f th e s p in e s o f th e h e a d , th e h e ig h t o f th e d o rs a l
sp in e s , a n d in o th e r c h a r a c te r s . T h e e x is te n c e o f s c a le s p n
a lm o s t a ll p a r ts o f th e h e a d i s in tro d u c e d in to th e ‘ H is to ir e
de s P o is so n s ,’ a s o n e o f th e m a rk s b y w h ich S eb a s te s may
b e d is tin g u ish e d from S c o r p x n a , b u t th e figure o f S . noote
g u in e a , p u b lis h e d in th e ‘ Z o o lo g y o f th e V o y a g e o f L 'A s -
tro lab e ,’ re p re s e n ts i t a s s c a ly ro u n d th e e y e , o n th e tem p
le s , g ill-co v e r, th e w h o le c h e e k , a n d th e m a x illa ry : th e
sn o u t, low e r jaw , a n d g ill-m em b ra n e , b e in g in fa c t th e on ly
n a k e d p a r ts .' I t w o u ld , th e re fo re , a p p e a r th a t th e p r e s e n c e
o f cu ta n e o u s filam e n ts in Scorpaina i s th e on ly c h a r a c te r
b y wh ich i t is s e p a r a te d from Sebastes.
Our fig u re a n d th e fo llow in g d e s c rip tio n o f S . p a n d u s
are d e p e n d a n t u p o n a s in g le d r ie d sp e c im e n w h ic h w a s
p r e p a re d a t K in g G eo rg e ’s S o u n d , a n d c o r r e sp o n d s c lo s e ly
wnlh M r. N e ill’s d raw in g w h ic h w e h a v e q u o te d . T h e
len g th o f th e h e a d is c o n ta in e d th r e e tim e s a n d n e a r ly a
h a lf in th e to ta l le n g th , c a u d a l in c lu d e d . T h e b a c k is
m o d e ra te ly a rc h e d , a n d th e ta il is m o re s le n d e r th a n
is usu a l in th e g en u s . T h e ed g e o f th e o rb it ris e s b o ld ly
a bove th e p ro file , p ro d u c in g a d e e p , a c u te furrow on th e
sum m it o f th e c ra n ium , (fig. 4). T h e u s u a l in tr a o rb ita l
r id g e s a re q u ite o b so le te , a n d th e o rb ita l p la te s a re sc a ly .
One sm a ll to o th e x is ts o n th e a n te r io r q u a r te r o f th e ed g e
o f th e o rb it, a n d fo u r on th e p o s te r io r q u a r te r . T h e y a re
m u ch le s s p rom in e n t a n d a c u te th a n th e co rre sp o n d in g
te e th o f S . nova: guinea:. T h e d iam e te r o f th e o rb i t is eq u a l
to o n e - lh ird o f th e le n g th o f th e h e a d . A d e e p , ro u n d e d ,
tran sv e rs e furrow s e p a ra te s th e o rb its from th e su p r a - s c a p u la
r region. T h e b o n y p ro je c tio n s o n th e h e a d g en e ra lly ,
a re s h o r t th in c r e s ts e n d in g in a p o s te r io r c om e r , m o re o r
le ss a c u te , n o t in ro u n d e d sp in o u s p o in ts . S u c h is
th e c h a r a c te r o f th e sh o rt n a s a l p o in ts . T h e p r e o rb ita r h a s
four a c u te te e th o n its u n d e r ed g e , th e f ir s t b e in g h ig h e r u p
th a n th e o th e r th r e e ; its u p p e r ed g e is th in , e le v a te d a n d
u n d u la tin g . T h e su b o rb ita r r id g e w h ic h c ro s s e s th e ch e ek
c lose to th e o rb it h a s four th in c re s t-lik e p rom in e n c e s ; th is
r id g e a b u ts a g a in s t th e p r e o p e r c u lum h ig h o n th e u p p e r
lim b, a n d n o t as u su a l a g a iu s t th e c u rv e o f th e b o n e o p p o site
to th e p r in c ip a l sp in e . T h e d isk o f th e p re o p e rc u lum
is_ g ran u la te d b y little b o n y em in en c e s , a n d th e r e is a fla t
tria n g u la r p ro je c tio n a t its a n g le , w h ich is c r e s te d b y two
small sp in e s , o n e in c um b e n t o n th e o th e r. T h r e e a c u te
sp in o u s p o in ts e x is t o n th e low e r lim b o f th e b o n e , b e in g
fewe r th a n usu a l. A th in r id g e a rm e d b y two a c u te p o in ts
c rosse s th e m id d le o f th e o p e rc u lum , a n d a fla t s p in e te r m
in a te s th e u p p e r cu rv e o f th e b o n e , a n d o v e rlie s th e b a s e
o f th e sc a ly tip o f th e g ill-co v e r. T h e tem p o r a l g ro o v e is
m a rk ed b y 'tw o b o n y p o in ts a t its a n te r io r e n d , s ta n d in g
c ro ssw ay s, with th e ir f la t su rfa c e s tu rn e d tow a rd s th e o rb it,
a n d a sh o rt in d e n te d c r e s t ly in g lo n g itu d in a lly a little fa rth
e r b a ck . T h e su p r a - s c a p u la r a n d s c a p u la r h a v e e a c h a
th in c r e s t s im ila r to th e tem p o r a l o ne . T h e m a x illa rie s ,
p re o rb ita rs , sn o u t, o rb ita l p la te s , ch e ek s , p re o p e rc u lum , in te
ro p e rcu lum , a n d wh o le g ill-co v e r, w ith th e tem p le s a n d
n a p e a re sc a ly . N o v e s tig e s o f filam e n ts c a n b e d e te c te d
on th e h e a d or b o d y , n o r a re a n y r e p r e s e n te d in M r. N e ill’s
or L ie u te n a n t E m e ry ’s d rawings. T h e s c a le s a re c ilia to -
d en la te , a n d ro u g h to th e to u c h . A b o u t fifty -e ig h t e x i s t in
a row b e tw e e n th e s c a p u la r b o n e a n d c a u d a l fin. T h e
la te r a l lin e is a r c h e d a n d a c u te ly k e e le d , b u t n o t sp in o u s a t
i ts c om m en c em en t. I t a p p ro a c h e s c lo s e to th e b a s e o f th e
fo u r th d o rs a l sp in e , b u t d e s c e n d s ag a in o p p o s ite th e te n th
to th e u p p e r q u a r te r o f th e h e ig h t, a n d in th e ta il to a little
a b o v e th e m id d le . T h e k e e l is c o n fin e d to th e a n te r io r
a r c h e d p a r t. T h e d o rs a l sp in e s a re ta ll, th e th ird o n e b e in
g n e a r ly e q u a l in h e ig h t to th e b o d y . T h e a n te r io r o n e s
h a v e a c o n s id e ra b le c u rv a tu re . T h e sp in o u s p a r t o f th e
fin is jo in e d to th e b a s e o f th e sp in e o f th e so ft p a r t
b y m em b ran e . T h e s e c o n d a n a l sp in e is s tro n g a n d fu lly a
th ird lo n g e r th a n th e fo llowing o n e , w h ic h is b u t a l ittle t a lle r
th a n th e first. T h e p e c to r a l fm is la rg e , i t s tip wh en la id
b a c k r e a c h in g to th e m id d le o f th e an a l. T h e p e c to r a l oi
S c . nova: gu in ea : fa lls s h o r t o f th e an u s . T h e r a y s o f th e
p e c to r a l a re m o re d iv id e d th a n u su a l, a n d ev en th e in te r io r
o n e s a re s p lit a t th e p o in t. J u d g in g so le ly from th e d r ie d
s p e c im e n , i t d o e s n o t a p p e a r th a t m o re th a n fo u r c o u ld
h a v e sh ow n th e th ic k , s im p le tip s in th e r e c e n t s ta te w h ic h
a re com m on to tb e in f e r io r p e c to r a l ra y s o f th e S c o rp a n ie
a n d S ebaste s. T h e r e is little o r n o em a rg in a tio n o f
th e m em b ra n e . T h e in fe rio r r a y s o f th e g ill-m em b ra n e a re
m u c h c o n c e a le d , so th a t o n ly five a re a p p a r e n t. F in e v illifo
rm te e th a rm th e j aw s a n d c h e v ro n o f th e vomer.
T h e m a rk in g s w h ic h rem a in o n th e d r ie d sp e c im en h a v e
b e e n tra n s fe rre d to th e fig u re . I n M r. N e ill’s d raw in g , th e
lip s , m a x illa ry , v e n tr a l sp in e s , a n d some s p o ts o u th e a n a l
a re o ra n g e , a n d th e p e c to r a l r e g io n h a s a y e llow h u e . T h e
d a rk p a r ts a re c o lo u re d w ith n e u tr a l lin t, a n d th e p a le b a n d
W'hich c ro s s e s th e c a u d a l is om itte d . I n L ie u te n a n t
E m e ry ’s figure , th e h e a d a n d b o d y h a v e a v e rm ilio n co lo r,
w'ith a ta p e r in g , h y a c in th - r e d b a n d , d e s c e n d in g from
tb e sp in o u s d o rs a l b e h in d th e p e c to r a l, a n d a n a rrow e r o ne
e x te n d in g from th e so ft d o rs a l n e a r ly to th e a n a l. R o u n d
d ro p s o f d a rk o r a n g e -b row n a re sp r e a d r e g u la rly ov e r tlie
b o d y b u t d o n o t e x te n d to th e b e lly . Sm a lle r d ro p s o f Uie
s am e h u e a re s c a tte r e d o n th e s id e s o f th e h e a d , lowe r jaw
a n d g ill-m em b ran e , b e in g in te rm ix e d in th e la tte r lo c a litie s
w ith w h itish s p o ts . A ll th e fins e x c e p t th e v e n tr a ls ancl
sp in o u s d o rs a l a re r e d d is h b row n , a u d a re sp o tte d lik e th e
l^AB. W e s t c o a s ts o f A u s tra lia , K in g G eo rg e ’s S o u n d .
H o u lm a n ’s Ab ro lh o s.
L e p a d o g a s t e r p u n ic e u s . R ic h a rd so n .
R a d i i : - D . 10 ; A. 4 ; C. 1 0 | ; P . 19 e t IV ; V .—
P la te X L I I I . , figs. 1— 4, n a tu r a l s iz e ; 5— 7, m a g n ified .
B o d y co n s id e ra b ly a r c h e d , b o th tr a n sv e r s e ly ancl in p ro file
, f la t u n d e rn e a th . A g roove ru n s a lo n g th e m id d le o f
th e b a c k from th e h in d h e a d to th e d o rs a l fin ; th e sid e s
a re s tro n g ly fu rrowed v e rtic a lly from th e c o n tra c tio n o f th e
m u s c le s , a n d o n e a c h s id e o f th e ta il a t th e m id d le h e ig h t
th e r e is a furrow a t th e in s e r tio n o f th e m u s c le s . T h e
s n o u t is r a th e r sh o r te r a n d s te e p e r in p ro file tlian th e a r t
i s t h a s shown i t in fig u re 1 ; its le n g th b e in g som ew h a t
le s s th a n th e d iam e te r o f th e o rb it. T h e ey e s a re s c a rc e ly