o u tlin e u n d u la tin g ir r e g u la r ly . T h e lin e s o f s tru c tu r e c o r r
e s p o n d w ith th e o u tlin e , a n d a re rem o te from e a c h o th e r ,
b e in g few in n um b e r . T h e r e a re n o d iv e rg in g fan -lik e
fu rrow s. A s th e y a re v e ry d e c id u o u s b u t few rem a in o n
a n y o f th e sp e c im e n s , a n d th e n um b e r o f th e ir rows c a n n o t
b e s ta te d . T h e la te r a l lin e , w h ic h h a s b e e n om itte d in
f ig u re 1, is s tra ig h t, a n d r a lh e r a b o v e th e m id -h e ig h t.
O n o p e n in g th e b e lly o f a sp e c im e n , la id u p o n its b a c k ,
m u c h ro e b e c am e v is ib le , a u d b e n e a th i t la y th e rem a in s o f
th e h v c r c o v e r in g th e u p p e r h a l f o f th e s tom a c h . T h e
s tom a c h , w h ic h is n o t b la c k lik e th a t o f A r g e n tin a sp h y -
r a n a , a n d h a s a n o b tu s e fu n d u s , is d iv id e d m o re t h a n ha lfw
a y d own in to th e oe so p h a g e a l a n d p y lo r ic b r a n c h e s . T h e
p y lom s , w h ic h is c lo s e to th e d ia p h r a gm , is m u c h c o n tr
a c te d , a n d th e in te s tin e d e s c e n d s from i t in a s tr a ig h t
lin e to th e an u s , th e r e b e in g n e ith e r c æ c a n o r co n v o lu tio n s .
N o a ir -b la d d e r w a s d is c o v e r e d o n in s p e c tio n o f th re e o r four
sp e c im e n s , n o n e o f th em iu p e rfe c t c o n d itio n . T h e a b d o m
e n a n d th e in s id e o f t h e g ill-p la te s a r e lin e d w ith a b r ig h t
s ilv e ry m em b ra n e s p rin k le d w ith b la c k d o ts , w h ich a re r a is e d
a b o v e th e s u rfa c e a s i f th e y we re fo rm e d b y d ro p s o f some
th ic k p igm e n t. A s t r ip e a lo n g th e s p in e , w i th in th e a b d om e n ,
w h ic h a p p e a r s w h e n th e in te s tin e s a re rem o v e d , is h o n e y -
y e llow w ith b la c k d o ts . T h e in te s tin e s c o n ta in e d fra g m
e n ts o f m in u te m a r in e C ru s ta c e a , a n d th e re vvere m a n y
sm a ll p a r a s itic a l worms. T h e p e c to r a ls a re a tta c h e d n e a r
th e v e n tra l su rfa c e , a n d b e low th e le v e l o f t h e ey e . T h e y
a re s u p p o r te d b y e le v e n ra y s , o f w h ich th e u p p e r o n e is
lo n g e s t. T h e v e n tra ls a re a t ta c h e d a b o u t a te n th o f th e
w h o le l e n g th b e fo re th e m id d le o f th e fish , c a u d a l in c lu d e d
T h e fore p a r t o f th e d o r s a l is a b o u t a s m u c h b e h in d th e
m id d le . T h e a n a l c om m e n c e s im m e d ia te ly b e h in d th e
a n u s , a n d u n d e r th e m id d le o f th e d o r s a l, e n d in g o p p o s ite
to th e a d ip o s e fin. I t is s lig h tly e x c a v a te d o n its m a rg in .
I t s f ro n t ray', lik e th a t o f th e d o rs a l, is s h o r t, a n d in c um b e n t
on th e s e c o n d o n e . T h e c a u d a l is c o n s id e ra b ly fo rk ed ,
a n d is su p p o r te d b y e ig h te e n ra y s , w h ic h a re d iv id e d in to
two e q u a l g ro u p s b y a w e ll-m a rk e d m e s ia l m em b ra n o u s
lin e . T h e o u te r ray , ab o v e a n d be low, is u n b ra n c h e d , a n d
b ro a d e r th a n th e o th e r s , w h ic h a r e fo rk ed . T h e e n d o f t h e
ta i l is em b ra c e d , fo r a little s p a c e , b y th ir te e n s h o r t a n d
su c c e s s iv e ly d e c re a s in g r a y s ab o v e , a n d a s m a n y below.
T h e ra y s o f a ll th e fins a re jo in te d .
T h e le n g th o f th e h e a d is c om p r is e d five tim e s a n d o ne
h a l f in th e to ta l le n g th . T h e low e r jaw is co n sp ic u o u s ly
lo n g e r th a n th e u p p e r o ne , a n d , w h e n th e jaw s a re c losed,
a s c e n d s c o n s id e ra b ly , w ith th e g a p e o f th e m o u th , which
r e a c h e s n e a r ly to tlie e y e , b u t from th e g r e a t s h o rtn e s s o f
th e s n o u t is sm a ll. T h e g e n e ra l a s p e c t o f th e h e a d a n d
o f th e fish g e n e ra lly , in -e sp e c tiv e o f t h e b a c kw a rd p o s itio n
o f th e d o r s a l, is th a t o f a y o u n g tro u t. T h e to p o f th e
h e a d a n d sn o u t a re sm o o th a n d ro u n d e d , b u t th e s n o u t is
n o t o b tu s e . T h e ey e is la rg e , to u c h in g th e p ro file , b u t
s c a r c e ly r is in g a b o v e it , o n e d iam e te r a n d a h a l f d is ta n t
from th e g ill-o p e n in g , a n d le s s th a n a d iam e te r from th e
e n d o f th e sn o u t. N o s tr ils tw o co n tig u o u s ro u n d o p e n in g s ,
w ith r a is e d m a rg in s , p la c e d n e a r e r th e e n d o f th e sn o u t
th a n to th e o rb it. P r e o rb ita r a n d r e s t o f su b o rb ita r ve ry
n a rrow . C h e e k n a c ry , b u t soft, a n d n o t n a k e d o r b o n y as
in H y d r o c y o n . P re o p e r c u lum w ith a n a r row n a c ry d isk .
a n d th e tw o lim h s m e e tin g in th e r e c ta n g u la r co rn e r. G ill-
c o v e r s h a p e d a s in S a lm o , n a c r y ; th e su b o p e r c u lum h o r iz
o n ta l, a n d n o t h a v in g m o re th a n th e fifili o f th e h e ig h t o f
th e o p e rc u lum . G ill-o p e n in g am p ly c le ft, th e m em b ra n e s
iim lin g to th e n a r row is thm u s o p p o s ite to th e h in d e r p a r t
o f th e eye. M em b r a n e s naiTow, s u p p o r te d b y s ix fla t, th in
ra y s , w h ich b e com e g r a d u a lly n a rrow e r tow a rd s ih c i r c o n n
e c tio n w ith th e h y o id b o n e . T h e p r em n x illa r ie s form
o n e h a l f o f th e u p p e r b o rd e r o f th e m o u th , a n d a r e a rm ed
w ith fo u rte e n o r s ix te e n s e ta c e o u s te e th in a s in g le row.
T h e y a re m o d e ra te ly c u rv e d , c o r r e s p o n d in g w ith th e a rc o f
th e u p p e r lip , a n d h a v e n o p e d ic le , b u t m e re ly a n in c r e a s e o f
w id th to th e ir m e s ia l h a lv e s . T h e m a x illa ry is n a rrow ly do-
la b rifo rm , th e p o s te r io r a n d th ic k e r b o rd e r b e in g s tra ig h t.
I t s wid e r e n d p la y s o v e r th e lim b o f th e low e r jaw , w hile
th e m id d le p a r t o f its fore e d g e , fo r m o re th a n o n e - th ird o f
Its le n g th , com p le te s th e u p p e r m a rg in o f th e m o u th , a n d
IS a rm e d w ith a b o u t fifte en te e th lik e th e p r em a x illa ry
one s. M a n d ib u la r te e th s im ila r a n d u n is e ria l. T h e v o m
e r in e te e th a re r a th e r la rg e r , a n d th e p a la tin e o n e s s lig h tly
sm a lle r. B o th s e ts a re u n is e ria l, b u t th e y a re slig h tly
m o v e a b le , a n d , b e in g in c lin e d a lte rn a te ly to r ig h t a n d le ft,
th e y a p p e a r to b e b is e r ia l, e x c e p t in th e sk e le to n , w h en
th e p a la tin e is se e n to b e a v e ry n a r row b o n e , a n d th e te e th
s tr ic tly u n is e ria l. T h e v om e rin e te e th , a b o u t s ix in n um b
e r , a re ra n g e d tr a n sv e r s e ly , c lo s e to th e p rem a x illa rie s
a n d p a r a lle l to lh em . T h e e n to p le ry g o id , w h ic h fo rm s th e
flo o r o f th e o rb it, is a rm ed w ith th r e e c row d ed rows o f sh o rt
su b u la te te e th , th e in te r io r row p ro je c tin g c o n sp icu o u s ly
from th e ro o f o f th e m o u th . T h e so ft p a r ts a d jo in in g th e se
te e th a n d th e p a la tin e s a re s tu d d e d w ith m in u te p a p illæ ,
lo o k in g lik e a d d itio n a l row s o f te e th . T h e to n g u e is
a rm e d b y two row s o f c u rv e d te e th s tro n g e r th a n a n y o f
th e o th e rs , a n d th e is thm u s o f th e b r a n c h ia l a r c h e s is c o v
e re d with a c row d o f m in u te o ne s. T h e u p p e r p h a r y n g
e a ls a re sm a ll cu sh io n s s tu d d e d w ith m ic ro s c o p ic a l te e lh .
T h e r e a re fo u r b ra n c h ia l a rc h e s , fu rn ish e d with tw o rows o f
r a k e r s , th e a n te r io r row o f e a c h a r c h b e in g lo n g a n d su b u la
te .
T h e o r ig in a l co lo u rs o f th e sp e c im e n m u s t h a v e b e en
c o n s id e ra b ly a lte r e d b y th e d e c a d e n c e o f m o s t o f th e sc a le s.
I n th e ir p r e s e n t s ta te th e b a c k h a s a h o n e y -y e llow h u e , wilh
m a n y b la c k d o ts , a n d a b ro a d s tr ip e o n th e s id e s is silvery.
L e n g th from 2 to in c h e s .
H a b . B a y o f Is la n d s , N ew Z e a la n d .
T h e sp e c im e n s w e re ta k e n in a ne t.
G a d o p s is m a b m o r a t u s . R ic h a rd so n .
R a d i i:— B . 6 ; D . 10|2 5 , vel 2 6 ; A. 3 | I 9 ; P . 1 7 ; V. 1.
P l a t e L IX ., figs. 6— 11.
I h a v e se e n o n ly a s in g le d r ie d sk in o f th is fish, a n d
c a n n o t th e re fo re v e n tu re to offer a fu ll d e s c r ip tio n o f its
g e n e ric p e c u lia ritie s . I t a p p e a rs lo b e lo n g to th e B le n n i-
o id fam ily , a n d to b e a form h ith e r to u n d e s c rib e d .
th e lo w « jaw ; a u d its s le n d e r ju g u la r v e n lra ls g iv e i t a a u d em b r a c e s th e o b tu s e
. . - __...1.»good d e a l th e a s p e c t o f a co d fish—, w h e n.c..eAH i ntwsi rg. einn eejvrnic na.me.
T h e b o d y ta p e r s g ra d u a lly tow a rd s th e ta il, w h o se h e ig h t
b e twe en th e th r e e v e r tic a l fins is c o n ta in e d a b o u t tw ic e
and o ne h a l f in th e h e ig h t o f th e fish a t th e sh o u ld e rs .
T h e h e a d fo rm s o n e q u a r te r o f th e w h o le le n g th , c a u d a l fin
in c lu d e d : i t is o b tu s e o n th e c row n a n d d d n th e
a b o v e a n d below. P e c to r a l ro u n d e d . T h e v e n tra ls a re
ju g u la r , a n d a r e a t ta c h e d b e n e a th th e p rc o p e rc u lum a n d
w e ll b e fo re th e p e c to ra ls . O n ly a s in g le jo in te d r a y , with
a fo rk ed tip , c a n b e d e te c te d on e a c h , a n d n o s p i n e ; n e i th
e r is th e r e a n y sp in e in th e p e c to r a l.
I ro u n u e u o u tu c T h e te—e l—h —a re ..i..n... ..f..i..n. e- ,n—a;r row ,' c,a rd - lik e ip la te s ,i o n „th„e
v en tra l su rfa c e is s im ila r to th e u p p e r p ro file . T h e ey e ,
p la c e d la te ra lly a n d n e a r th e p ro file , is o f m o d e r a te s iz e ,
and a little n e a r e r to th e e n d o f th e sn o u t th a n to th e g ill-
opening. T h e a n te r io r n o s tr ils , o p e n in g th ro u g h sh o rt
tu b e s , a re o n th e sid e s o f th e s n o u t n e a r its e n d .; th e p o s te
rio r one s a re p la in o p e n in g s n e a r th e eye. T h e g a p e o f
th e m o u th r e a c h e s to th e fore p a r t o f th e ey e . T h e p reo r-
hitai-h in r f th e illa th é v om e r a re ta lle r th a n th e c row d e d o n e s o n th e e d g e oi
th e p a la te b o n e s . T h e p h a ry n g e a l b o n e s a n d a ll th e v is c
e r a h a v e b e e n rem o v e d from th e sp e c im e n .
L e n g th o f fish n e a r ly 4 in c h e s .
H a b . R iv e rs in th e so u th e rn p a r ts o f A u s tra lia .
T h e c o lo u r o f th e d r ie d sk in is p a le b row n , m a rk e d on
th e d o rs a l a n d c a u d a l fin s , h e a d , b a c k a n d s id e s , w ith ir r e hitai
d o e s n o t show, b u t th e lim d e r e d g e o l tfte m a x iiia ry
gguu,l<aur s p o ts yo f l“iv’ e’' r‘7-b^ro" w”;n; :.^ T h e s7p"o tVs oCn th. „e„ tia iilg a s^sa^ugme de
slips a s h o r t way u n d e r th e fold o f th e s c a ly in te g um e n t som ew h a t o f a b a n d e d a r r a n g em e n t. T h e a n a l is e clgea
which co v e rs it. T h e m a x illa ry is sle n d e r, a n d d ila te s g r a - w ith d a rk b iow n .
du a lly tow a rd s its low e r e x tr em ity , w h ic h is a lways e x p
o s e d , a n d lie s o n th e low e r ja w b e h in d th e c o rn e r o f th e
.1 i . ________ 1..1 i:i.~ *1... ...... J Ir.... rtflV i» c n riilt
Schu. p.
Hemeroccetes acanihorhynohos, Cuv. et Val.
App. tu Dieffenbach’s New Zeal. p. 212.
inoulh. I t is s c a le le s s , lik e th e lip s a n d to p o f th e sn o u t
b a c k to th e p o s te r io r n o s trils . T h e s le n d e r p r em a x illa rie
s, le n g th e n e d o u t b y m em b r a n e , fo n n th e u p p e r m a rg in
o f th e m o u th , a n d a re n o t a t a ll p ro tr a c tile a l th e sym p h y sis.
T h e cu rv e d , u n a rm e d p re o p e rc u lum h a s a n a rrow ...................... . ..........
d isk co v e red w ith s c a ly in te g um e n t, lik e th e ch e e k a n d pict. 2, t. l7o iu Bibl. Banks,
r e s t o f t h e g ill-cove r. I t is p ie r c e d b y a row o f c o n sp ic u - C. wonopicri/iriui, Bl.Scbn. 1,
ons p o re s , w h ic h a re c o n tin u e d fo rw a rd s a lo n g th e lirab o f
th e lowe r jaw . T h e tr ia n g u la r o p e rc u lum e n d s in a flat,
a cu te p o in t, w h ic h d o e s n o t rise th ro u g h th e in te g um e n t,
a n d is u n d e r la id b y th e fle x ib le tip a n d b o rd e r in g m em b
ra n e o f th e su h o p e i'cu liira . T h e in te ro p e r c u lum a n d g ill-
mem b ran e a re a lso sc a ly . G ill-o p e n in g la rg e , th e d iv isio n
o f th e m em b ra n e s e x te n d in g fo rw a rd s to b e n e a th th e eye.
T h e g ill-m em b ra n e s a re su p p o r te d b y s ix ray s .
T h e s c a le s a re a ll sm a ll, cy c lo id a n d ova l, th o s e ta k e n
from th e b o d y h a v in g g e n e ra lly a b o u t s ix fa rrow s d iv e rg in g
from th e c e n tre lik e th e s tic k s o f a fan, a n d p ro d u c in g five
c ren a tu re s o r lo b e s o n th e m a rg in . T h e s c a le s e x te n d to
th e fins, a n d a ll p a r ts o f th e h e a d , e x c e p t th e lip s , m a x illa
ry a n d e n d o f th e sn o u t. T h e th e
H e m e r o c c e t e s a c a x t h o r i iy n c h u s . F o r s te r .
{C a llio n ym u s ).
Callionymus acanlltorhynchw, J . R. Forster, MSS. ii. 30, apud Bl.
111. p. 41. Idem,Descr. An. Licbt. edit. p. 117. G. Forster, bg.
:ii. p. 311. Ricbardson,
R a d i i :— B . 7 ; D . Ì 41 ; A. 3 6 , ve l 3 7 ; C. 8 ^ ; P . 21 ;
V. 1|5.
P la te L IV ., figs. 7— 12.
I n th e zo o lo g ic a l a p p e n d ix to th e n a r r a tiv e o f D r . D ie f fe
n b a c h ’s T r a v e ls in N ew Z e a la n d , I d e s c r ib e d , a t c o n s id
e r a b le le n g th , a s p e c im e n o f th is fish , b ro u g h t b y ffia t
g e n tlem a n from W a n g a ro a B a y , in N ew Z e a la n d . T h e
he la te r a l lin e ru n s n e a r uie fiiigg uuriee iuni aP-l-a--t-e-- --L--I--V---.- w---a- -s- d raw n from a n in d iv id u a l o b ta in e d•
b a d i, fo llow in g i ts c u rv a tu re . T h e d o rs a l fin, c om m e n c in g b y C a p ta in S ir E v e r a rd H om e , ^ a r t . , m Cook s “ t r a i t s ,
over th e a x illa o f th e p e c to r a l, o c c u p ie s m o s t o f th e b a c k , a n d a few p a r tic u la r s o f th e f t r e a l l v d f
M i d i » , a n e v e n , IreH E o n te lo a tlfo th e p o s te r io r r a y s c om p e n s a tin g fo r th e d e s c e n d in g curve
T h e fo llow in g d e s c r ip tio n ¡ i
^ a l v r s e
o f th e b a c k . I t is s u p p o r te d a n te rio rly b y te n sle n d e r, b u t
rig id a n d p u n g e n t s p in e s , w h ic h a re fo llow ed b y s im p le ,
flex ib le a n d jo in t e d ra y s . I u th e p o s te r io r p a r t o f th e fin
th e soft ra y s s p lit a t th e ir tip s in to tw o b r a n c h e s , which do
n o t h ow ev e r s e p a ra te . T h e a n a l c om m en c e s a little before
th e m id d le o f th e fish b y th re e s le n d e r sp in e s , o f w h ich th e
th ird o ne is th e ta lle s t, a n d e q u a ls th e so ft ra y s in h e ig h t :
i t en d s a little b e fo re th e e n d o f th e d o rs a l, le a v in g m o re o f
th e ta il n a k e d , a n d its p o s te r io r r a y s a re n o t q u ite so h ig h
one m e n tio n e d above.
F o rm e lo n g a te d , th e h e ig h t n o t e x c e e d in g o n e - th ir te e n th
o f t h e w h o le le n g th : th e w id th a t th e g ill-c o v e rs , w h e re i t
is g r e a te s t, e x c e e d s th e h e ig h t. T h e o u tlin e o f th e d e p
r e s s e d h e a d slo p e s g r a d u a lly to th e e n d o f th e sn o u t ;
tiie iaws wh en c lo s e d fo rm th e th in e x tr em ity o f th e h e a d
w h e n se en in p ro file (fig. 7). V iew ed from above (fig. 8) th e
h e a d h a s a s em i-la n c e o la te form : i t is fla tly co n v ex , t r a n s ve
rs e ly , a n d th e sam e d e p r e s s e d ro u n d e d fo rm e x te n d s
u 2