J vi
It,
i
b la d d e r lu id b ro k e n d ow n , a n d a p p e a r e d to b e sm a ll a n d
n a c ry . T h e v e rte b ræ o f th is sp e c ie s a re th ir ty -n in e in
n um b e r . •'
H a b . T h i s M y c to p h u m w a s p u t u p a lo n g w ith th e
o th e r s , a n d w a s m o s t lik e ly ta k e n in th e s am e p a r t s o f
th e O c e an .
L ampanyctus resplendens. Richardson.
C h . spec. L . p in n d p e c to r a li lo n g â ; p in n d q u e d o r s i
m a g n d ; o ssib u s p r e o r b ita lib u s , m a n d ib u la r ib u s q u e
h n e is s c a b r is p e r c u r s is .
R a d i i :— B . 6 ve l 8 ; D . 23— 0 ; A. 1 8 ; C . 174 + L
s p in e s ; P . 1 3 ; V. 8.
P la t e X X V I I ., figs. 16, 17, 18.
T h e P r in c e o f M u s ig n a n o s e p a r a te d th is g en u s from
M y c to p h u m , o n a c c o u n t o f th e g r e a te r le n g th o f th e p e c to
r a ls , a n d th e som ew h a t p ik e - lik e d e p r e s s e d sn o u t, g iv in g
th e fish a lto g e th e r a d iffe re n t p h y s io g n om y . T h e sp e c ie s
t h a t w e h a v e to d e s c r ib e d iffe rs c o n s id e r a b ly from th e
M y c lo p h i in th e p ro f ile o f th e h e a d , a n d in th e s iz e o f
th e d o rs a l, b u t th e p e c to r a ls a re m o re lik e th o s e o f tlia t
g e n u s th a n o f L a m p a n y c tu s b o n a p a r lii.
F o rm m o re spinc lle -like , a n d le s s c la v a te , th a n th a t o f
M y c to p h u m . H e ig h t o f b o d y c o n ta in e d five o r s ix tim e s
in th e to ta l le n g th , w h ile th e le n g th o f th e h e a d is c o n ta
in e d o n ly fo u r tim e s. T h e th ic k n e s s o f th e b o d y forw
a rd s , a n d th e h e ig h t o f th e ta il b e h in d th e a d ip o s e fin,
a re e a c h a b o u t e q u a l to h a l f th e h e ig h t o f th e sh o u ld e r.
T b e p ro file slo p e s w ith a s lig h t c o n v e x ity u p to th e do rsa l
l in e , w h ic h is v e ry m o d e r a te ly a rc h e d ; a n d th e b e lly is
s till m o re fla t.
T h e r a th e r la rg e e y e is p la c e d w e ll fo rw a rd s n e a r th e
s n o u t, a n d th e p re o p e rc u lum , c o n s e q u e n tly , h a s a la rg e
b a c kw a rd slo p e . T h e h in d e r ed g e o f th e p re o p e rc u lum
IS p a r a lle l to th e p r e o p e r c u lum , b u t h a s a w id e , sh a llow
c o n c a v ity ; w hile th e su b o p e rc u lum , w h ic h fo rm s , a s u su a l,
th e a p e x o f th e g ill-co v e r, s lo p e s in th e o p p o s ite d ire c tio n ,
g iv in g to th e e n tire flap a v e ry d iffe ren t form to th e n e a rly
v e r tic a l c o n v e x e d g e w h ic h i t e x h ib its in th e M y c lo p h i.
T h e n o s tr ils a re r a th e r p e c u l ia r ,o n e orific e b e in g a s h o r t
v e r tic a l s lit, s e p a r a te d from th e o rb it b y a th in , v e rtic a l
c a r tila g in o u s c r e s t o r valve. T h e o th e r orific e is a ro u n d
o p e n in g , w ith s lig h tly e le v a te d ed g e s, a n d lie s c o n tig
u o u s ly a n d o n th e in s id e o f th e o th e r. A n o b tu s e m e s
ia l rid g e s e p a r a te s th e p a ir s o f n o s tr ils , a n d b e h in d th e
r id g e , b e tw e e n th e ey e s , th e r e is a sm a ll sh a llow d e p r e s sion.
T h e .skin lin in g i t is e n tire a n d g ra n u la r, b u t w h e t
h e r a n y o f th e g la n d u la r s u b s ta n c e s e e n on th e fo reh e ad s
o f th e M y c lo p h i w a s d e p o s ite d in th is sp o t, c a n n o t b e
m a d e o u t from th e sp e c im e n s , w h ic h h a v e b e e n lo n g in
s p ir its . T h e to p o f th e h e a d is s c a ly u p to th is d e p re s s io n ,
w h ic h d o e s n o t go f a r th e r b a c k th a n th e a n te r io r th ird o f
th e o rb it.
T h e c irc um fe re n c e o f th e n o s ü i l s is ro u g h , a n d th e
s u b o rb ita r b o n e s a n d low e r j aw a re c ro s s e d b y p a r a lle l
th e sp e c im e n s we re a ll m o re o r le s s iiijn r c d , th e ir e x a c t
m im b e r a n d d isp o s itio n c o u ld n o t b e a s c e r ta in e d . T h e y
a re in p r e s e n te d in fig. 16, a s w e ll us th e y c o u ld b e in a d i
o u t ftom th e in sp e c tio n o f s ix e x am p le s . T b e p r e o rb ita r
a n d to re p a r t of tho o p o rcn iiim a n d su b o p e rc n lum a re mi-
n u te ly g ro o v ed .
T h e la rg e d o rs a l e x te n d s from b e fo re tho i-entra ls to p a s t
th e m id d le o f th e a n a l. T h e a d ip o s e fin is sm a ll. T h e
ta il IS a rm e d o n its u p p e r ed g e , c lo se to th e b a s e o f th e
c a u d a l, b y sev en s h o r t s p in e s , a n d be low b y n in e , w h ic h
a re d is tin c tly v is ib le to th e n a k e d eye. A ll th e fins h av e
b e e n moi;e o r le s s in ju r e d on th e tip s , b u t th e fig u re is
c om p le te d from th e ag g re g a te o f th e sp e c im en s . T h e n a r row
s c a ly g ill-m em b ra n e s f rin g e th e lim b s o f th e low e r
ja v y ,^ a n d a rc s u p p o r te d b y s ix (or p e r lia p s e ig h t) g ill-
_ A n e v e n b a n d o f ve ry s h o r t v illiform te e th a rm s b otli
j aw s , e x t e n o r to th e a c u te ed g e . T h e row wh ich c row n s
th e ed g e IS n o t a c tu a lly t a lle r th a n th e o th e rs , b u t a p p e a r s
so from I ts p o s itio n . A s im ila r b a n d a rm s th e ed g e o f
e a c h p a la te b o n e , a n d th e r e is a la rg e ova l p a tc h o f v e ry
m in u te g r a n u la r te e th , n e a rly c o v e rin g th e c o n v e x d isk o f
th a t b o n e . T h e r e a re n o te e th o n th e ch e v ro n o f th e
v om e r. T h e g ills com e fo rw a rd w ith in th e lim b s o f th e
j aw , close to th e c h in , le a v in g n o lo n g u e , e x c e p t th e
v e ry n a rrow u n io n o f th e ir a r c h e s . A p rom in e n t m e sia l
r id g e , a rm e d i n t h m in u te te e th , s e p a r a te s th e s e a rc h e s
b e low , a u d i t is flan k ed o n e a c h s id e b y s le n d e r ro u g h
ro k e rs , w hose t ip s p ro je c t in to th e c a v ity o f th e m outh.
T h e u p p e r p h a ry n g e a ls m ak e tw o d is tin c t p rom in e n t
^ s h i o n s o n e a c h s id e , b ris tlin g i r i th m in u te , a c u te te e th .
I h e low e r p h a ry n g e a ls a re a rm e d w ith s till fin e r te e th .
T h e r e a re th ir ty - s e v e n s c a le s o n th e la te r a l lin e , a ll o f
th em fissu red o r n o tc h e d in th e m id d le o f th e ir free ed g e
a n d fu rn ish e d w ith a w id e tu b e tow a rd s th e ir b a s e . T h è
o th e r s c a le s a re s u b o rb ic u la r , a n d h a v e five o r s ix fan -lik e
fun-ows on th e b a s e , w ith a lew f a iu t lin e s r a d ia tin g from
th e c e n tr e , a c ro s s th e r e s t o f th e i r disk.
T h e p e a r ly d o ts a re d is tr ib u te d n e a r ly a s in th e M y c to -
p h i , th e r e b e in g fo u rte e n o f th em ov e r th e a n a l. T h e r e
IS, b e s id e s , a row o f o b liq u e , o ran g e -c o lo n re d o r sh in in g
sp e c k s , ru n n in g b a c kw a rd s from th e su p r a - s c a p u la r s over
file sh o u ld e rs . T h e row is in te r ru p te d , a n d re com m en c e s
h ig h e r u p , b e n e a th th e fo u rth o r fifth d o rs a l ra y s , a n d is
c o n tin u e d to th e e n d o f t h a t fin. T h e r e a re s im ila r sp e c k s
o n th e sm a ll ra y s a t th e b a s e o f tb e c a u d a l, ab o v e a n d
b e low , a n d th e fla t u p p e r su rfa c e o f th e ta il, b e h in d th e
a d ip o s e fin , is cov e red with th e sam e ye llow ish m a tte r
T h e r e a re a lso a few sp e c k s o f i t on th e flan k s. T h e s e
p a le o r y e llow ish s p e c k s a re ve ry d is tin c t from th e o p a l
d o ts , a n d a re m o re su p e rfic ia l.
T h e s tom a c h o f th is fish is a p r e tty la rg e c y lin d ric a l
sa c , w ith a n o b tu s e ly c o n ic a l a p e x , a n d a sh o rt, a s c e n d in g ,
p y lo r ic b r a n c h s p r in g in g from n e a r i ts m id d le . T h e g u lle t
IS m o re c o n tr a c te d . T h o {»yloric cæ c a lie in two c lu s te rs ,
o n e o f fo u r, a u d th e o th e r o f th r e e , u n e q u a l in len g th
th e lo n g e s t e x c e e d in g th a t o f th e p y lo r ic Ibrk o f th e s to m
a ch . T h e stom a ch is b la c k , lik e th e in s id e o f th e m o u th ,
rough lin e s. T h e ch e ek s and g ill-p la te s are cove r ed b v a » t 11 , x - , -
few large ob liq u e sca le s, which are very deciduous, and a s sea r i.“ “ ““ ” 1'
th e g u t is w h ite , th in , a n d d e lic a te , a l i t t le flex u o s e , b u t
u o t c o n v o lu te d , a n d i t is tw ic e th e le n g th o f th e stom a ch .
L e n g th , four in c h e s .
H a b . T h e e x a c t lo c a litie s w h e re th is fish w a s ta k e n a re
u n k n ow n ; b u t i t is s u p p o s e d to b e , lik e th e M y c lo p h i, an
in h a b ita n t g e n e ra lly o f th e w a rm e r p a r ts o f b o th o c e an s .
H e m is c y l l iu m t r is p e c u l a r e . R ic h a rd s o n .
P la t e X X V I I I.
H emisajlHwn trupei-ulare, Rich a rd so u , Icojies Pisc ium. Lond. 1843,
p. 6, Plate I ., fig. 2.
T h is s p e c ie s w a s f ir s t m a d e k n ow n in th e work above
q u o ted , wherein a c o lo u re d fig u re is g iv e n from a d raw in g
b y L ie u te n a n t E m e ry , o f H e r M a je s ty ’s sh ip B e a g le , o f a
sp e c im en ta k e n a t T u r tle I s la n d , o n th e n o r th -w e s t c o a s t
o f Au stra lia . A sp e c im e n , in p e r f e c t c o n d itio n , o b ta in e d
b y B e n jam in B y n o e , E s q ., S u rg e o n o f th e R o y a l N av y ,
o n th e same co a st, h a s e n tir e ly rem o v ed th e d o u b ts I e n te
rta in e d o f th is fish b e in g a v a rie ty o f th e p rev io u s ly
k n ow n sp e c ie s H em is c y lliu m o c e lla tum . I n g e n e ra l form
th e two d iffe r little ; b u t in tr is p e c u la r e th e p e c to ra l,
d o rs a l a n d a n a l a re som ew h a t m o re d is ta n t from th e tip o f
th e sn o u t, a n d m o re d e fin ite d is c r e p a n c e s e x is t in th e sh a p e
o f th e sc a le s , a u d th e form a n d d is tr ib u tio n o f th e sp o ts
on th e bod y .
H . tr isp e c u la r e h a s a n o b tu s e s n o u t, from w h e n c e th e
profile ris e s in a c o n v e x cuiwe, to b le n d with th e d o rs a l
liu e o p p o s ite to th e p e c to ra ls . I t th e n d e s c e n d s a little
to th e firs t do rsa l, a n d ru n s s tr a ig h t from th e n c e to th e
c a u d a l fin, whose u p p e r b o rd e r is s lig h tly a rc h e d . T h e
v e n tra l lin e is more n e a r ly s tr a ig h t, th e b e lly b e in g o n ly
m o d e ra te ly p rom in e n t. B e tw e e n th e p e c to r a ls a n d v e n tra
ls , w h e re th e b o d y is th ic k e s t, th e v e rtic a l a n d tr a n s verse
d iam e te rs a re e q u a l, a n d m e a su re two in c h e s in o u r
spe c imen. T h e b e lly is w id e r a n d fla tte r th a n th e b a c k ,
a n d th e fish ta p e r s gi-adiially to th e b e g in n in g o f th e a n a l
fin, a t which p la c e th e h e ig h t h a s dimini-shed to o n e -th ird .
B e h in d th e s e c o n d d o rs a l, th e com p re s s io n o f th e ta il b e comes
ev id en t, a n d g o e s o n in c r e a s in g to th e tip .
On its u p p e r su rfa c e th e h e a d is fla tly ro im d e d tr a n s ve
rse ly, v a ried b y a s lig h t p rom in e n c e o f th e eyebrows.
F rom above th e p e c to r a ls , to th e f ir s t d o rs a l, th e m u s c le s ,
swelling on th e top o f th e b a c k , p ro d u c e a m e s ia l furrow,
which is re p la c e d b y a low , ro u n d e d rid g e b e tw e e n th e
d o rsa ls, tiie n a r row e r lo p o f th e b a c k th e r e b e in g fla ttish .
T h e sam e form e x te n d s for a sp a c e b e h in d th e s e co n d
d o rsa l, b u t in th e in c re a s e d com p re s s io n o f th e ta il, a t th e
o rigin o f ih e c a u d a l fin, th e fla tn e s s a b o v e is w h o lly lost,
a.nd th e b lu n t u p p e r ed g e o f th e fin a p p e a rs a s a co n lim ia -
tio n m e re ly o f th e m e s ia l rid g e . T h e lip o f th e c a u d a l is
ro u n d ed , with a m in u te n o tc h a t th e p o in t o f th e sp in e ,
d iv id in g i t in to two lo b e s , Uie low e r o f w h ic h is la rg e s t.
I n o u r sp e c im en o f o c e lla tum , th is sm a ll n o tc h is wan tin g .
T h e b e lly is fla ttish b e low , a n d th e sw e llin g o f th e s ide
m u s c le s b e tw e e n th e c la sp e r s a n d a n a l fo rm s a me sia l
furrow.
T h e sp ira c le s , wh ich a re c u rv e d a n d r a th e r o b liq u e , h av e
th e sam e r e la tiv e p o s itio n a s in o c e lla tum , a n d th e folds
a b o u t th e n o s tr ils a n d m o u th a re a lso e s s e n tia lly th e same
a s in th a t sp e c ie s . T h e in n e r n a s a l flap e n d s s q u a r e ly on
th e ed g e o f th e m o u th , a n d is flan k ed e x te r io r ly b y a
th ic k ish , ta p e r in g b a rb e l, w h ich o rig in a te s a t th e a n te r io r
e n d o f th e n a s a l furrow. A m id d le sp a c e s e p a r a te s th e
n a s a l flap o f o n e n o s tr il from th a t o f th e o th e r, a n d th e
o u te r b o rd e r o f e a ch n o s tr il swells in to a th ic k ro ll, w h ich
a lso r e a c h e s th e o rific e o f th e m o u th , a n d is th e re s e p a r
a te d b y a d e e p s c a le le s s fis su re from th e la rg e ro lls a t th e
c om e r o f th e m o u th , o r, a s th e y m ay b e c o n s id e re d , th e la te r
a l lip s . A t firs t s ig h t, th e lowe r lip se em s to co n s is t o f th re e
lo b e s , a n d th e s id e lo b e s h a v e a c tu a lly fre e e d g e s , a n d a re
b o u n d e d b y s c a le le s s m em b ra n o u s fissure s, b u t th e m id d le
lo b e is m e re ly a p o u tin g o f th e p a r t c o n tin u o u s w ith th e
s c a ly in te g um e n t o f tho th ro a t. T h e su rfa c e s of a ll th e
fla p s o r lip s which h a v e b e e n m en tio n e d a re s c a ly , b u t th e
fis su re s a re sm o o th a n d m em b ra n o u s , a n d when th e o u te r
lo b e s o f th e low e r lip a re r a is e d , th e y se em to b e re ta in e d
b y a m em b ra n o u s b r id le .
T h e te e th a re th r e e - lo b e d , a ll th e lo b e s b e in g o b tu s e in
su c h te e th a s h a v e a d v a n c e d to th e ed g e o f th e jaw , b u t
th e p o s te r io r a n d n ew e r o n e s h a v e th e m id d le o r h in d e r
lo b e m o re e lo n g a te d a n d p o in te d . In th e u p p e r jaw , b e h
in d th e d e n ta l p la te s , th e re is a th ic k is h , p la ite d v e lum ,
h a v in g a sh a g g y su rfa c e . I n th e low e r jaw , a c e n tra l
b r id le ru n s to th e tip o f th e lo n g u e , d iv id in g , in its co u rs e ,
two co n c e n tric fo ld s o f m em b ra n e , lo o k in g lik e two v e la ,
a n d , w h en th e to n g u e is r a is e d , fo rm in g tw o c e lls o n e a c h
s id e o f th e b rid le .
T h e la s t th r e e g ill-o p e n in g s a r e o v e r th e p e c to r a l, a n d
th e la s t two a re n e a r e r to o n e a n o th e r th a n a n y o th e r p a ir ,
c o n tr a ry to a rem a rk o f M iille r a n d H e n le , th a t in th is
g e n u s th e la s t tw o o p e n in g s a re n o t a p p ro x im a te d . W e
o b s e rv e th e sam e th in g in o u r sp e c im en o f o c e lla tum .
T lie sk in h a s a p e c u lia r ly n e a t, sm o o th , s h in in g , th o u g h
g r a n u la r a sp e c t, a n d fe e ls ro u g h o n ly w h en th e f in g e r is
draw n tow a rd s th e h e a d . F ig u r e 7 re p re s e n ts a s c a le o f
tr isp e c u la r e , a n d fig u re 8 , o n e o f o c e lla tum , sh ow in g th e ir
diffe re n c e o f form.
A lth o u g h th e r e is a g e n e ra l re s em b la n c e in th e b a n d s
a n d d is tr ib u tio n o f th e b la c k p a tc h e s o n th e fin s o f th e
two s p e c ie s , th e m a rk in g s o n th e b o d y d iffe r ve ry g re a tly .
In tr is p e c u la r e , th e s p o ts , h a v in g a d a rk a n d r ic h b row n
c o lo u r, a re in c lu s te rs o f th r e e o r four, u n ite d in to a la rg e r
s p o t b y a lig h te r b row n t i n t ; w h ile in o c e lla tum th e y a re
s in g le , few e r, a n d m o re s c a tte r e d . T h e b la c k sp o t w ith
a p a le b o rd e r, b e h in d th e g ill-o p e n in g , is o b lo n g in ocella
tum ; b u t in tr is p e c u la r e i t is p e rfe c tly ro u n d , a n d two
o f th e com p o u n d sp o ts b e h in d i t b e in g m u c h d a rk e r tlnm
th e re s t, form, a s i t w e re , tw o a d d itio n a l o c e lli, b u t n o t so
p e r f e c t a s tlie p r in c ip a l o ne . M u c h sm a lle r sp o ts th ic k ly
c o v e r th e to p a n d s id e s o f th e h e a d o f tr isp e c u la r e , a n d
th e g ro u n d -c o lo u r o f th e fish is r e p r e s e n te d in L ie u te n a n t
E m e ry ’s d r aw in g a s yellow. T h e b e lly is sp o tle s s in b o th
sp e c ie s . As th e fig u re giv e s th e form a n d d is tr ib u tio n o f
th e sp o ts a n d b a n d s w ith m u c h a c c u ra c y , i t is u u u e c e s s a ry
to d e s c rib e th em a t gi-eater le n g th .
O n o p e n in g th e b e lly , th e liv e r is se e n h id in g th e in te s tin
e s. A d e e p c le ft d iv id e s i t in to tw o lo b e s , th e r ig h t o ne ,
e n d in g in a n a c u te la n c e o la te lip , b e in g th e lo n g e s t. T h e
le f t lo b e is b ro a d e r , a n d fi'oin b e n e a th its o b liq u e ly tr u n c
a te d e n d , th e fu n d u s o f th e s tom a c h a p p e a r s , h a v in g th e
u 2