o p e n in g O'1 iiic h o s . H e ig h t o f b o d y 0 '7 3 in c h . T h ic k -
n e s s 0 ’6 0 in c h .
H a b . C o o k ’s S tr a it, N ew Z e a la n d .
C o n g r u s p u o t e r v u s . R ic h a rd s o n .
I ’ho h e a d o n ly o f th is sp e c ie s is p r e s e rv e d in th e B r i t
is h M u s e um , a n d th e lo c a lity w h e re i t w a s ta k e n is u n k
n ow n . I t b e lo n g s , w ith th o s e th a t follow, to Me. C le lla n d ’s
g en u s , M u roe n e s o x , b u t I h av e n o t b e e n a b le to id en tify
a n y o f th e sp e c im e n s th a t I h a v e se e n w ith th e sp e c ie s w h ic h
h e h a s f ig u re d a n d d e s c r ib e d in th e C a lc u tta J o u r n a l o f
S c ie n c e .
N a s a l d isk a n e a r ly c irc u la r d ila ta tio n a t th e e n d o f th e
n a rrow u p p e r jaw ,_ s e t ro u n d its a n te r io r h a l f w ith fo u r s u b u
la te a c u te te e th , in c lin e d b a c kw a rd s , a n d a sm a lle r to o th
e n v e lo p e d in th e so ft p a r ts b e tw e en e a ch p a ir. T h e r e is a
d e e p sm o o th c av ity o n e a c h s id e o f t h e m e s ia l rid g e b e h in d
th e n a s a l d i s k ; th e rid g e it s e l f is u n d u la te d , b e in g firs t
d e p r e s s e d in a c u rv e a n d th e n a r c h e d . T h e d e s c e n d in g
c u rv e b e h in d th e n a s a l d isk is a rm e d b y a row o f fo u r
a c u te c o n ic a l t e e th , s c a r c e ly v is ib le to th e n a k e d e y e ; a n d
a f te r a sm a ll in te rv a l follow fifte en tr ic u s p id a n d p r e tty
l a rg e te e th , o n th e a r c h e d p a r t o f th e v om e rin e rid g e .
T h e s e te e th a re c om p re s s e d , w ith a n a c u te a n te r io r a n d
p o s te r io r e d g e , a n d ve ry sh a rp c e n tr a l c u sp s . T h e la te r a l
c u sp s a re sm a ll a n d ro u n d e d , a n d p la c e d n e a r th e ro o ts o f
th e te e lh : th e y a re la rg e s t o n th e p o s te r io r te e th . T h e
s e v e n th , e ig h th a n d n in th o f th e tr ic u s p id te e th a re th e
la rg e s t, th e a n te r io r a n d p o s te r io r o n e s d im in ish in g g r a d
u a lly a s th e y re c e d e from th em . T lie se rie s is fla n k e d on
e a c h s id e b y m a n y sm a ll, c om p re s s e d , b u t o b tu s e a n d
ro u n d e d te e th , n o t s e t in r e g u la r o rd e r , b u t in som e jila c e s
p la c e d th r e e o r fo u r d e e p , in o th e r s o n ly o ne . P a la tin e
d e n ta l su rfa c e a lo n g n a r row e llip s is , a c u te a t e a c h en d ,
a n d co v e red w ith m a n y sm a ll te e th , lik e th e la te r a l v om e rin e
o n e s , th e o u te r m a rg in a l o n e s b e in g la rg e r, a n d r is in g a b o v e
th e r e s t ; a n d in th e m id d le o f th e c o n c av e d e n ta l p la te th e re
is a sm o o th , irre g u la rly w id e , lin e , on wh ich th e te e th a re n o t
d e v e lo p e d . _ T h e p a la tin e te e th com e in c o n ta c t w ith th e
v om e rin e s e rie s a t th e s e v e n th v om e rin e to o th , j u s t be fore
th e p o s te r io r n o s tr il. T h e la te r a l m a n d ib u la r te e th a re
lik e th e m e sia l v om e rin e o n e s , b u t th e se rie s is m o re ev en ,
a n d th e b a s a l lo b e s le s s e v id e n t. M in u te c om p re s s e d a n d
b lu n t te e th flan k e a c h s id e o f th e p r in c ip a l se rie s, m o s tly ,
b u t n o t w h o lly , an -an g ed in o n e row. T h e sym p h y s ia l
a p e x o f th e m a n d ib le fo rm s a n ova l d isk , wh ich is a rm e d ,
o n th e m a rg in o n e a c h s id e o f th e sym p h y s is , b y n in e
sm a ll, a c u te , s u b u la te te e th ; a n d th e r e a re on e a c h s id e
w ith in th e d isk th r e e ta ll, s to u t, s u b u la te , ve ry a c u te te e th ,
th e m id d le o n e o f e a c h s id e b e in g th e ta lle s t.
A n te r io r n a s a l o p e n in g s sm a ll, tu b u la r , on e a c h s id e
o f th e sn o u t ; p o s te r io r o n e s b e fo re th e e y e s , m idw ay b e tw
e e n th e m o u th ancl to p o f t h e fo re h e a d . E y e s , ov e r th e
p o s te r io r th ird o f th e m o u th , s ilv e ry . H e a d b row n ish a n d
m o ttle d .
H a b. U n k n ow n .
C o n g r u s t r ic u s p id a t u s . M e C le lla n d . {M u rm n e so x ).
Mxiramesox IricuspiJata, Me Clelland, Calcutta Journ, iv. C. 21, f. 1.
Richardson, Iclith. Voy. of Sulphur, p. 105, PI, 51, f, 2. Icon. Reeves,
n. 41. Hardw. 295, Brit. Mus.
N a s a l te e th lo n g a n d s tro n g , th r e e o n e a c h s id e o f th e
sym p h y s is . V om e rin e te e th u n is e ria l, tr ic u sp id , th e m id d
le cus]) b e in g m u c h la rg e r a n d ta lle r th a n th e la te r a l ones.
T h e la rg e s t to o th is th e th ird from th e la s t, a n d th e o th e rs
g ra d u a lly d im in ish in s iz e a s th e y r e c e d e from it. In
som e o f th e sm a ll a n te r io r o n e s th e la te r a l c u sp s a re o b so le
te , b u t th e y a re su ffic ien tly d is tin c t in th e n in e p o s te rio r
o ne s. P a la tin e te e th u n is e ria l, sm a ll, sh a rp - e d g e d , b u t n o t
p o in te d , r a n g e d in a n ev en c u ttin g se rie s. W h e n e x am in e d
b y a le n s , th e s e te e th show a s lig h t in d ic a tio n o f s id e lo b e s .
M a n d ib u la r te e th , lik e th e p a la tin e o n e s , w ith a n o u te r
row o f sm a ll, a c u te a n d c lo s e ly -s e t te e th . A t th e e n d o f
th e jaw th e r e a re th r e e ta ll su b u la te te e th o n e a c h s id e o f
th e sym p h y s is . T h e d o rs a l c om m e n c e s o v e r th e g ill-
o p e n in g . L a te r a l liu e m a rk e d b y a se rie s o f o v a l white
sp o ts . I n th e r e c e n t fish th e c o lo u r o f th e u p p e r p a r ts is
oil-gi-ecn, with a g la z in g o f d u c k -g re e n a lo n g th e la te r a l
lin e a n d to p o f th e h e a d . T h e v e rtic a l fins e d g e d w ith
b la c k .
L e n g ih 1 5 f in c h e s . T o a n u s 5 ’4 in c h e s . T o g ill-
o p e n in g 2'1 in ch e s .
H a b . C o a s ts o f C h in a a n d I n d ia . T h e C h in e s e n am e
i t th e “ h o o k -n o s e d ” o r “ s to rk e e l.”
C o n g r u s a n g u s t id e n s . R ic h a rd s o n .
N a s a l d isk a rm e d b y e ig h t ta ll, s u b u la te , m a rg in a l te e th ,
a n d th r e e sm a ll su b u la te o n e s o n th e m e s ia l lin e . V om e rin
e te e th e ig h t, d is ta n tly s e t, ta lle r a n d m u c h n a rrow e r
th a n th o s e o f p r o le r v u s , w ith sh a rp ed g e s , a n d a ve ry a c u te
ta p e r in g p o in t, th e la te r a l c u sp s b e in g sm a ll, na rrow a n d
o b tu s e . I n f ro n t o f th e s e , on th e m e s ia l lin e , c lo se to th e
n a s a l d isk , th e r e a re th r e e sm a ll a c u te t e e t h ; a n d o n e a ch
sid e a n ir r e g u la r vow o f c om p re s s e d te e th , o f v a rio u s s iz e s
a n d h e ig h ts , th e b ig g e r o n e s a p p ro a c liin g th e la rg e tric u sp id
o n e s i n Ibrm. P a la tin e te e th sm a ll, r a n g e d e x te r io r ly in a n
ev en row c om p o s e d o f la n c e o la te , r a lh e r a c u te , c u ttin g te e th ,
w ith sm a ll o n e s a t th e b a s e o f th e row o u ts id e , s ta n d in g for
th e m o s t p a r t, b u t n o t r e g u la rly , tw o d e e p ; a n d in te r io r ly
fo rm in g a b a n d o f s h o r t, s le n d e r, c y lin d r ic a l o b tu s e te e th ,
p la c e d two o r th r e e d e e p . M a n d ib u la r te e lh , lik e th e p r in c
ip a l v om e rin e o n e s , n o t m u c h sm a lle r, b u t ve ry s lig h tly in c
lin e d b a c kw a rd s a n d c lo s e se t. T h e y a re h ig h e s t in th e
m id d le o f th e lim b o f th e j aw , a n d b e com e g r a d u a lly low e r
in e a c h d ire c tio n . T h e r e a re o n e o r two ir r e g u la r rows o f
m in u te g r a n u la r te e th w ith in , a n d o n th e o u ts id e o f th e c h ie f
se rie s t h e r e is a v e ry ev en row o f sm a ll, ro u n d e d , c om p re s s ed
t e e th . T h e d isk a t th e e n d o f th e j aw is b o rd e r e d with
a c u te a n d su b u la te t e e th , a n d th e r e a re o n e a c h s id e w ith in ,
fo u r s to u t, s u b u la te , ta ll a n d very a c u te te e th . T h e low e r
jaw is c o n sp ic u o u s ly sh o r te r th a n th e u p p e r o n e . E y e
th re e d iam e te rs from th e t ip o f th e s n o u t, a n d th r e e -
q u a rte rs o f a d iam e te r from th e c o rn e r o f th e m o u th , w hose
c ap e is eq u a l to fo u r d iam e te rs a n d th r e e q u a r te r s . P e c to
ra l ve ry lo n g , e q u a l to th r e e - fo u r th s o f th e le n g ih o f th e
^ ^L e n g th 37 in c h e s . T o a n u s 16 in c h e s .
H a b . C h in a . T h e B r itis h M u s e um p o s s e s s e s a d n e d
sp e c im en w h ich was p r e s e n te d lo i t b y J o h n R e e v e s , E s q .
C o n g r u s b r e v ic u s p is . R ic h a rd s o n .
N a s a l d is k b o rd e r e d on its a n te r io r h a l f b y a b o u t ten
m o d e ra te ly t a ll a n d s tro n g su b u la te a c u te te e th , a n d in th e
mid d le o f t h e d is k th e r e a re n in e sm a ll c o n ic a l a c u te one s,
ilaced so a s lo r e p r e s e n t a c ro s s w ith s h o r t la te r a l arms,
" le d e p re s s io n o f t h e vom e rin e rid g e n e x t th e n a s a l b o n e
... co n s id e ra b le . T lie n in e p r in c ip a l v om e rin e te e lb h a v e
sh o rt a c u te m id d le c u sp s , with la rg e r ro u n d e d la te r a l one s
th a n in p ro te r v iis , a n d th e y a re flan k ed o n e a ch s id e b y a
row o f c om p re s s e d , v o iin d eY o b liq u e c u ttin g o n e s , n e ith e r
close ly n o r ev en ly s e t. T h e o u te r row o f p a la tiiie te e th is
com p o s ed o f e v en ly -s e t, c om p re s s e d , o b tu s e c u ttin g te e th .
T h e lo n g e llip tic a l d e n ia l ])lale is w h o lly c o v e re d with in n
um e rab le n iim ite ro u n d e d te e th , w ith o u t a n y sm o o th
sp a c e ill th e m id d le . T h e p a la tin e te e th a b u t a g a in s t th e
v omer a t tlie s ix th to o th . T h e m a n d ib u la r te e th a re lik e
th e v om e rin e o n e s , b u t th e y a re n o t so re g u la r , th e a lte rn a te
one s b e in g o fte n , b u t n o t u n ifo rm ly , lowe r. T h e o u te r
row is com p o s e d o f e v e n , c lo s e -s e t, s em ic irc u la r, sh a rp -
e d g ed sm a ll o n e s , a p p lie d lo th e b a s e o f th e c h ie f row , and
th e in n e r o n e s c an s c a r c e ly b e d e te c te d . T h e d isk a t tlie
e nd o f th e m a n d ib le is a rm e d b y five o r s ix a c u te , s u b u la te ,
m a rg in a l le e lh , a n d th r e e ta lle r one s w ith in o u e a ch sid e ,
th e p o s te rio r p a i r b e in g h ig li a n d s to u t.
T h e ey e is p la c e d th r e e d iam e te rs o f th e o rb it from th e
e nd o f th e sn o u t, a n d a d iam e te r b e fo re th e c o rn e r o f th e
m o u th , w hose g a p e is eq u a l to five d iam e te r s o f th e o rb it.
T h e sp a c e b e tw e e n th e e y e s is tra n sv e rs e ly c o n v e x , a n d
its b re a d th r a th e r e x c e e d s th e v e rtic a l d iam e te r o f th e
o rbit. T h e p e c to r a l is e llip tic a l a n d lo n g , a n d th e do rsa l
com m en c e s ov e r th e g ill-o p en in g .
C o lo u r, in s p ir its , p a le b rown a b o v e , s ilv e ry b e n e a th .
T h e fins s ilve ry a n d b la c k -e d g e d .
L e n g th 2 3 in c h e s . T o a n n s in c h e s . T o g ill-o p e n in
g 3-4 in c h e s . S jie c im en in th e B r itis h M u seum .
H a b . U n k n ow n .
C o n g r u s h a m o . S ch leg e l.
Conyrus hamo, Tenmi. e t Sclil. Fauna Jap. p. 262, PI. 114, fig. 2.
J aw s g e n e ra lly s im ila r lo th o s e o f p r o ie r v n s , b n t th e n a s
a l d isk is le s s d ila te d , a n d th e v om e rin e a r c h n o t so
curved. N a s a l te e th a b o u t s ix , w ith small o n e s in th e soft
p a rts be tw e en . V om e rin e te e th , fo u r or five sm a ll m e sia l
ones o n th e s lig h tly d e p re s s e d p a r t o f th e r id g e n e x t th e
vom e r. S ix c o n sp ic u o u s tr ic u s p id m e s ia l o n e s o n th e
a r c h o f t h e rid g e , h a v in g sm a ll o b tu s e b a s a l lo b e s . T h e
sm a ll te e lh on e a c h s id e o f th e m e s ia l o n e s a re c lo s e -s e t
a n d u n is e ria l, b u t n o t very r e p l a r l y so. P a la tin e d e n ta l
su rfa c e a lo n g n a r row e llip s is , a s in p ro ie r v u s , a n d th e
te e th v e ry s im i l a r ; a n o u te r r e g u la r row, a sm o o th sp a c e
ill th e m id d le , a n d a n in n e r b a n d tw o o r th r e e d e e p w h e re
wid e st. T h e p a la tin e te e th m e e t th e v om e r a t th e th i rd
to o th . M a n d ib u la r te e th lik e th e v om e rin e o n e s , b u t th e
p r in c ip a l se rie s u n e v e n , th a t is , th e r e is a low e r a n d le s s
sha rj) to o th g e n e ra lly , b u t n o t un ifo rm ly , b e tw e e n e a c h p a ir
o f ta lle r o u e s . T h e o u te r se rie s o f m in u te o n e s h a v e ch is e l-
s h a p c d , a c u te , o b liq u e c u s p s , a n d fo rm a n in c iso ria l row.
T h e in n e r o n e s a re in a_ s in g le row v e ry c lo s e to th e
b a s e s o f th e p r in c ip a l se rie s. T h e r o u n d e d d ila ta tio n a t
th e e n d o f t h e m a n d ib le is a rm e d o n th e m a rg in b y a sc rie s
o f sm a ll te e lh , a n d on e a c h s id e w ith in b y th r e e s u b u la te
o n e s , th e p o s te r io r o ne b e in g th e ta lle s t. T h e d o rs a l b e g
in s b e fo re th e g ill-o p e n in g . T h e sn o u t is s le n d e r , a n d th e
ey e s a re p la c e d a b o u t tw o d iam e te rs a n d a q u a r te r o f th e
o rb it from th e tip o f th e s n o u t, a n d h a l f a d iam e te r a n te n o r
to th e c o rn e r o f th e m o u th . G ill- r a y s a b o u t tw e lv e iu
m im b e r. T h e c o lo u r o f tho sp e c im e n , wh ich is p r e s e rv e d
in s p ir its , is p a le b row n , m in u te ly d o tte d w ith b la c k ; th e
sid e s a n d b e lly s ilv e ry . T h e fins a lso s ilv e ry , w ith b la c k
ed g e s . L a te r a l lin e a se rie s o f s h o r t tu b e s , w ith in te rv a ls
b e tw e e n th em .
I-I\B. P h ilip p in e s . S p e c im en in th e B r itis h M u s e um
o b ta in e d from M r. C um in g . S o u th -w e s t c o a s ts o f J a p a n
{F a u n a J a p o n .)
C o n g r u s c u r v id e n s . R ic h a rd so n .
N a s a l te e th s to u tly s u b u la te , s tro n g e r th a n iu o th e r s p e c
ie s, r a n g e d in a c lu s te r w ith o u t o rd e r, th e ta lle s t in llie
m id d le , followed on th e m e s ia l lin e b y fo u r m in u te ro u n d
on e s in two rows, w h ich may b e c o n s id e r e d a s th e a n te r io r
v om e rin e o n e s . T h e m e s ia l row o f tr ic u s p id v om e rin e
te e th , p la c e d 011 th e rid g e o f th e b o n e , w h ich is a r c h e d ,
h a v e o b liq u e c u rv e d c u sp s , a n d a re c lo s e s e t. T h e la te r a l
c u sp s a re sm a ll, ro u n d , a n d a t th e ro o t o f t h e to o th . in
th e p o s te r io r te e lh th e c e n tr a l c u sp s a re w orn down to th e
level o f th e la te r a l one s. Sm a ll te e lh on e a ch s id e o f th e
p r in c ip a l s e rie s , ro im d e d , n o t c om p re s s e d , a n d o f u n e q u a l
s iz e s , n o t d isp o s e d in row s , a n d s e ld om m o re th a n tw o
a b re a s t. P a la tin e te e th o f th e p r in c ip a l row ro u n d e d on
th e c row ns, b u t g e n e ra lly w ith a m e s ia l a c u te h u e : th e r e
is a n irrc g id a r row o f m in u te g ra n u la r te e th o n th e o u ts id e ,
a n d a b a rtd o f two o r th re e on th e in s id e , wilh a furrow b e tw
e e n th em a n d th e m a in se rie s. T h e p a la tin e s a b u t
a g a in s t tb e v om e r a t th e s ix th to o th . T h e m a n d ib u la r
te e th , in s te a d o f b e in g like th e v om e rin e o n e s , a s in th e
p r e c e d in g sp e c ie s , m o re r e s em b le th e p a la tin e te e lh in llie
p r in c ip a l sc rie s ; a n d th e r e is a lso a row o f un ev en g r a n u la
r te e th o u th e o u ts id e , a n d two ir r e g u la r rows o n th e i n s
id e . T w e lv e su b u la te b u t n o t ve ry a c u te te e th b o rd e r
th e e n d o f th e m a n d ib le , a n d th e r e a re two ta lle r su b u la te
one s w ith in th e h a l f c irc le on e a c h sid e .
E y e la r g e ,p la c e d a d iam e te r a n d a h a lf o f th e o rb it from