of different forms .may be sunk to greater or less depth. »Such
experiments ba^e been made by* him, and their Jesuits, have, determined
his predilection. of the Sliding Keel.—^Suppose a
frigate drawing seventeen! feet, and another. alike imburthen
drawing eleven ; the last has. a body of six. feet less* to divide,
opposing only three,-two* or one. Keel,:as may be found.neces-,
sary to make her hold a good wind ; while theother has sixrfeef
depressed, or about one-third of her real size’opposing-the
water : of course, she has a bocbr of water, to. displaca'nndfbtee
through equal to the differendemf eleven feet to seventeen, and
the deeper,the stronger. North country built vesseferi©r those,
in the eoal trade, are proofs of this observation. The^w'esseisT
generally draw about one-third less water than other ■ Eng^sh.
vessels; yet when. employed. as Transports, they , are -found to
sail as fast as any otbdfS ; and when going before the wind^vin
ballast or half loaded, 'they^freqnently, b ea t the Kingships«'
Now when these vessels come kBse hauled on a wind they, drop
to leeward, but had they Sliding Keels, it .may be presumed
they wouldbavectibe, advantage Of all others.' j T h e t a k e
little pains, to make their trading vessels sail^eiwhenthes;© are
light they sail fast before the wind, and this, by of thek
small draught of water. That nation has. likewise -other flat
vessels; such as pilot boats, yagers for carrying-fhei first herrings
to market, and pleasure boats, all of which have lee-boards* b y
the help of which they sail as fast as most .'other vessels in. the
Northern Seas. Vessels with Sliding Keels'will steer, better,-.la#
safer, and receive many advantages in consequence of steering
easy and with little helm. The use of the Sliding Keels in
steering is seen in every action;of.the ship's movement ] th e
Sliding Keels the ship’s, course is kept in a more direct line, for
the easier the ship steers the nearer she goes on a given point,
and the ship’s hull, as well as the stern-post, rudder, masis, rig^
ging.
giug and sails are less*, strained*: - In »place o f two, three or four
men at-the helm,the-largest- ship may be steeled by one. This
isr-a great advantage, .%iife%n®t>unao:mnipn th a t vessels steer •
ill; even i n ' f r e s h s o d a s n<ft»to b e abl# •
#hen therwind isioh^heir quartet,„to, carry ^ thej^sails, and
thereby-aTeneGess®tatedito‘ghio;iakf.®r tw o ^ h ^ ^ a n hour slower. -
Through. su o ff^ fS ty and: with. suehR.a- wind, they l^ e i n the
t’wen^four hoursiasmany knots- omdPuble that number. This
intthe^distance^'v hesidkifwhat m ^ ^ l j p in, loagi&q<lepor la5bi-
tujfjffcty an ino@VBect,c^rs%'yiH-er,©by the4qs$$f the5ship. might
be oceaifcfeed;- fotewerwwith a good ^ J ^ a jj ip n t h ^ e s ^ q f the
longifud^eanncptbe:- rectified. But if -,no ^ s f lla tiq n » should
happenkc|’beftak f uf ‘ aridrth^^^a^^^|W,Ud,,|the.,errorHmay.be
great,' and thSship in -d an g e ^ n . makings th ^ la p d ;. .* ,IIut the
jk 4^st c©^seqiuei^e«©fia.diffiGukyiin|^tqe|^g;ig?;‘wl3^;h
.’fakred?h^s^®P#fEe,quently happekpd,-&^ q p ^ ija r e ly , &cjff
and that is'‘the Ship^b|qaehin,g^|||(-. .^This,
th©^'#eh%q^e^P6£ w i l d ^ c a ^ eW ^ ^ ^ ® ism-ore frequently
| pboasionedkby- strongagalp^and high&^ejp^*» x i <Thyiji, ^|pj?^ns.t^.nj^e,
a- ship, spudding befover the .wind, paquarfering, having little sail
tsfet,'andrthahlow, such as d^fore-sail,, when^ ft^g0h%wo
seas, isj almost becalmed, .and ^tbepefqre„Ip|^| isy^,yf<: the
next or following* s.ea- raises her ,stern, her b,^w ^inclines downwards,
the* cutwater. having», a different. d^ection i from the in-
»tended course, the stern' by- thkjj^s liftejhso high^ia^jthe rudder
has.btfeLe.20rs no power, it .being almpst In ^
‘situation, the-ship pressed».,on the lpp-jbow by the watey^haying
got on theweather-.q-uarter and the ship oni.the tq^pf.the^e^,
she flies with,.such violeppe as, to brings her, h^ad^pund; and
- then lying ;on thebr.oadside s.he■ pi unges^yith the g^atest yelo^.
eisty into a high or£r agi ng?js„ea4 the water, breaks into her,, wash.-?
ing and carrying away every things, qff the (deck, frequently sonic
of