P L A T E IX.
( O R D E R — L B P I D O P T B R A , SECTION—DIUENA. FAMILY—PAriLiONiDiE, LEACII.)
A very sliglit acquaintance with any extensive tribe of animals discovers to tlie mind of the observer
tliat^ notwithstanding the isolation of species in natni-e^ each individual in fact working for its own
individual ends, (except in the case of social species, where the members of one species work together in
the service of the comnmnity,) there exists a certain degree of relationship amongst various species
foimded on their greater or less structural resemblance. Thus it is, that, without in the slightest
manner interfering with each other's habits, and not having the slightest connexion with each other in
respect to the ordinary objects of their existence, we admit a relationship between two species of
butterflies, and affirm that they are more nearly related to each other than a butterfly and a moth; and
thus it is that we form a number of species, possessing certain characters in common, into orders,
families, genera, &c., established in all cases upon this kind of relationship, which is termed the affinity
of different species. Another kind of relationship, however, occasionally presents itself to our notice,
possessing great mterest, and founded on the more partial resemblance of a species of one group with
those of another, which is termed the analogy of species. Thus, whilst the bat belongs to the
Mammalia it has an analogy -^vith the birds in its flying habits; and thus Morpho Camadeva, {ante,
plate 4,) in its eye-like markings, resembles a pavonine bird. The insects on the accompanying plate
present to us another variety of this analogical kind of relationship. In the structure of all those
organs which have been selected for the characters of the genera of the Diurnal Lepidoptera, thej^
belong to the genus Papilio; but in the form and colouring of their wings they so closely resemble some
of the species of the genus Euploea, in a difFerent family, that without careful examination they would
be arranged amongst the latter.*
F I G U R E 1. & 1*.
PAPILIO PARADOXUS.
(ZELIMA PAEADOXA, ZINKEN- IN NOT. ACTA. VOL. X V . p. 1C2, pi. la, f. S-10.)
PapUio alls integerrlmis, anticis oblongis, atro-cisruleis fulgidissimis, fascia e strigis cyaneo-albicantibus parique
maculai-um antico serieque puuctorum postica albis ; posticis pui-piu-ascenti-nigris puuotis marginalibus obsoletis
creriileis.
Papilio with the wings vei-y eutii-e, the fore ones oblong and roimded on the outer margin, of a black-blue colour
and very glossy, with two or three white spots at the end of the discoidal cell, followed by a row of bluish wliite
sti'eaks, and a submargin.al row of sm.aU white spots; the hind wuigs purplish-black, with an obsolete row of blue spots.
Expansion of the fore-wings, 3 J inches.
Inhabits J.ava. In tlie Collection of the British Museum.
DESCEIPTION.—The only specimen I have seen belonging to this species is a male in the Collection
of the British IMuseum; the face, neck, and thorax are spotted with white, as are also the sides of the
breast and abdomen: this specimen exhibits no trace (on the upper side) of the sub-marginal spots of
the hind wings, which indeed Zinken desciibes as " obsoletis the four wings at the base beneath bear
a small white dot, and the row of oblong streaks is reduced to oval spots, one of the series being
wanting; the last branch of the sub-costal vein arises at a short distance beyond the origin of the
preceding branch. The general appearance of the insect is that of Euploea Midamus.
* The investigation of these different kinds of relationships has, during the present century, attracted much attention, especially from
the writmgs of Messrs. MacLeay, Vigors, and Swainson. I may also refer to a paper by myself in the 18th Volume of the "Linnajan
Transactions."
" ll
I I
i-i;