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ANCIENT ROMAN-STONE SARCOPHAGUS, YORK {EBURACUM).
theoary emperors. The nasal bones are broad,but aqnmne in profile,yet the nostrUsa^^
he malar bones not robust; the upper maxiUaries rather deeply pitted, and rendered u-regular
by the prommence of the alveoli of the eanines; the lower jaw somewhat shallow; the L t h
smaU and not much xmpan-ed by use. One of the molars on the left side of the lower jaw has
been lost duz-mg life, and the meipient earies of another on the upper right side points pretty
clearly to the cause of the loss: there is even an indication of the pain which has been s^ereJ
from this carious tooth in the thick coating of tartar, nearly confined to the corresponding
molars and premolars of the lower jaw on the same side. The free use of the teeth on thi^ide of
the mouth has evidently been too painful and annoying to be endured
^ T '' ^^^ theparietals somewhat acuminated
about the middle of the sagittal suture. This suture, and the upper portions of the lambdoidal,
are very nearly effaced by ossification; a condition which is not at aU an infallible indication
of age, for m the cranium of Theodorianus, who died in his thirty-fifth year, these sutures are stül
more nearly obliterated. The parietals are distinguished by their unusual flatness at the sides
and the absence of any prominence in the situation of the protuberances; a peculiarity which
tends to impart to the skuU an appearance of length. The upper scaly portion of the occipital
o Z o l presents a larger superficies L n
common, still neither the tuberosity nor spine is strongly expressed. The paroccipital
processes ^ e distinctly marked on both sides. The foramen for the spinal marrow is large, and
of unusuaUy regular oval form. The mastoids, of moderate dimensions, bound very i tinct
grooves for the msertion of the origin of the digastric muscles.
MEASUREMENTS.
Horizontal circumference
Longitudinal diameter
Frontal Region.—Length
Breadth
Height
Parietal Region.-Length
Breadth
Height
. . 21-6 inches.
. . 7-6 »
. . 4-9
. . 51 )s
. . 4-6 ,,
. . 5-5 >3
. . 5-4
»
. . 4-8
3)
Occipital Region.—Length
Breadth
Height
Intermastoid arch . .
Internal capacity
Face.—Length . . . .
Breadth . . .
Length of the Eemur . .
4-7 inc„h es.
4-5 „
15-i „
85 ounces.
4-6 inches.
5-6 „
18-4, „
N
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The series of three fine crania derived from the ancient sepulchres of Eburacum of the
Romans, and presented to the eyes of oui- readers, we believe, with as much fideKty as the
hthographic process admits of, together with the accurate reduced outlines, forming comparative
views in foui. different dii-ections (to which are to be added the various measurements), matb
regarded as a tolerably complete representation of the skull of the ancient Roman-at least as
review of their diversities, or, in other words, their individual peculiarities
They ai-e aU the skuUs of men of mature age. That of Theodorianus is the laro-est the
finest in its proportions, and by far the heaviest, from its thickness and marks of e S L n
ossification referred to in the description. Their respective weights, including the low r ^
are as foUow : - t h a t of Theodorianus 38 ounces, that fr-om the cedar coifin 30 ounces, and I t
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