rists andhistoiims to bethe first step in the
progress from the: hunter state. Butwearein
want of ad evidence to show that- there ever
was, in America, a pastoral state. In the first
places the tribes had turned no quadruped*- even
in the itropies, hut the lama. The hison was
neven finder any subjection, nor a fleeeev éverr,,
gathered,.ho far as history telk ns, from the Bighorn
orRocky-mountain sheep. The horse, the
domestic cow, the hog, and the common sheep,
were brought over after the discovery| and the
Iroquois, like most of their western brethren,
have been vety slow, all advantages considered,
in raising them. They havé,' -intact,, had no pas-
toral .state, and they have only - become herdsmen
at the time that they took hold of the 1
plough. The number of domestic animals now
on their reservations,' as shown by the tables,
bears a full proportion to their other industrial
field labors. It will be »seen,-that while horses
neat cattle and hogs are generally Faked, sheep
com© in, at more mature periods of advance, and
are foundmnlyon the largest and best cultivated
farm©.- therefore, like the cerenk,-b©-
come a test of their advance. With this stage,
we generally find, too, the field esculents, as
iurneps, peas, &c., and also buckwheat. I have
indicated, as a further proof of their advance as
herdsmen and graziers, the number of acres of
meadow cut. r The Iroquois cultivate no flax.
They probably raise no rye, from the fact that
their lands are better adapted to wheat and corn.
The- potato was certainly indigenous. Sir
Walter Raleigh, in his efforts at colonizations,
fiad it brought from Virginia, under the original
name\ n f' open-awgi* But none of the North
American tribes are known to, have cultivated
it. They dug it up, like other indigenous edible
roots from the forest, Butit has long been in-
trodueéd into their-villages and spread over the
northern latitudes, frtr beyond the present limit
of the „zea maize. Its cultivation is so easy and
so similar-to that of their favorite corn, and its
yield so great, that it is remarkable it should not
have received more general attention from all
the tribes.. With the Iroqtiois, the lists will denote
that, in most cases, it is a mere item of horticulture,
most families' not planting over half
an acre, often not more. than a quarter of an
acre, and yet moré frequently, none at all,
The apple is the IrOquors banana. From the
earliest introduction of this fruit into New York
and New France, frqm the genial plains of Holland
and Normandy, these tjilés appear to have-
been captivated:.'by its5 taste,, arid they lost no
time in transferring it, by sowing the seed, to
the sites of their ancient castles. No one can
read the-'accounts of the destruction of the extensive
orchards of the apple, which were cut
dowri5-on Gen. Sullivan’s inroad into the Genesee
conn try in1177-9, without regretting that the pur-
#By the Algonquins^of the present day, this plant is called,
jiï' the plutal, optnèeg. The inflection in èég denotes- the
plural. .