them are v<éy fevvtall, wqlbmadfe, and*robu s t m en. The w'dk
men are* small and-no Vhàridsome. Thëtè’is: no nation ampo nhg
whom hair of a fiery red is- Iq' common as' among1'1 tra$H?ptiàk's;
y e t there are, individuals who hav^Bfgwn and others wh^have
black hair, but -most -gènerally it is of a chestnut cjjilbur V^l%y
have, however, in general, red beards/'
The Vntiaks, according^ Grhelin,'are poor, and live in small’
villages: the èhaseds their principal occupation. 'A s'^q n as
■tbe- frost commences, they go into thé v^èods'â'ad'kill bears","
wolves; - f o x T h e i r acms/are chiefly bows anSsKaitov^*
Erman has given some additional details!respecting-the’ Vo-
tiaks. ' He says they are men of strong, athletic bödieèfbfiad
‘shoulders, and in rfo respect partaking of the weak staturtib&thoS
Tscheremisses and Tscbu washes* Their hair/iS alwaysrèd.;
> The tribes of Votiaks who are mot ydt^co0vbill|drtii^hristi-
nniiy hafbrthdlfRMe kinds of supe(stitioh as ih'é^'Mindréd
Ostiaks and! YogOuls^in the Uraiian-eouhfifcÊès/ aöd'^he’T sc lu -v
des of the Wolga, who will be described didtew. Thoy.dive
chiefly in the neighbourhood of Glasow. ^TheyéTwIlöi^i^Rl;!
s^eriorrgod'whom* theyjterm Jutnar, and piapilin the sun ;
likewise an earth-god and a wafer-god, with which thKyr^GOif-
neet the représentation of a good andf,evib principle, for thq^
water-god is a maleficent imp. The distinction has,'however,
nolljjSioral import. but only relates to physical' good - and* evil,
or what is useful and injurious. ' To both' of these,beings sacrifices
are offered in consecrated places in the forests. - They
consist of eatable things, such as honey, milk, sheep, geese ;
ancL the offerings are* made during, eight days at least, three
times in a • year, viz. at the time of ploughing, before setting
.the grain in the spring, in autumn, and at the beginning of the
hay-harvest. They sacrifice to the good ^.genius in times
of: prosperity, and to the evil one in adversity. After their
prayers ; the- off erings' are in part burnt and partly scattered
over the land. The priests direct their proceedings? The
priests o ff he Votiaks are termed Toma: they are the chiefs
and elders ©f. the tribe. The places of sacrifice are termed
* Gmelin’s Reise nach Kamtschatka durch Sibirien, von Ja h ré '1733 bis 1743.
Allgemeine Historei der Reisen; Leipzig, 1769,I9th b. Keralio’s Frénch translation
of Gmelin, tom. £
Kefeifets :* th^ys^&re^j^pfefe'in th^foi-ests)surrounded by lofty
pine-trees. At the fourth great festival in the year, which is
after, t he completion of all their agricultural work, they - sacrifice
a1 h o r s ^ ^ ^ n ^ e ^ l l y r , !ne-ver ^felaek- one, with
t&hert a n lm y ^ t^ ^ t t i ^ ^ tiurn^ tbe$t?tihdSf-<and
e a t^ l^ ^ ih V ? ||t |h a n ^ 4 ^ th1ef heads’ of 'tbe,'°^efn anc^
sheep,'ahvld-ke^vh'o^®feldf(Vibqlf®e)ih©TS'e| in aspine-dree; | TK^,
ersvar^ut^irai n ^ fa t the rl'si^^otVth^^in hut at!ihidday.
The Yotiak's^ll1^ ^ ^ ' wdr shiplM bl-sf whilf! a r e la ^ ^ ^ f
ThiSyrt’erm th e rh ^ l^ ld ^ ’f^ !’
Patanrapli 21^-Of t1^^ S(lutl|§m*%r' BillgaTian-bran&b of the
TscMdish
Disfr]pts«%,con^iderkbMg^tent S r the^nndfeicqu^se of
i & ’W o ^ ^ i e Q p ^ lW d ^ j n the Russian ^^eTOme|||-jO'f
frfcaqifeN qwgm¥d, Ka.san|and O r e m ^ i g ^ ^ ^ n h ^ ^ f c ,bar
..
f-‘am'd^th|f|fini> i uIm\IiicIi :u«* *»«» u « d «hi
praif; A rgflV»"lainil MVTokshas. T h ^S t r i l b 1 l1--*11*
phy^fial’characters, and in* dreg&mpd/’niann^J^^^^^?irinish
r and pecnedap natipi|S, ,jand’ with t%em by a&nityf>f
lanoiuagbs^ aiQstilJ. mpxp-e},psplyu nit©d^ a n j o n g - , t h b y h?
' nearjresemBlanc&in th e ^ d ia h ^ s ^ Of t ||S |||
.-is afforded % # £ vo^abulari^-o^all "Finnish
idioms collected:by various travefiem^apd of whiqhjfbetlargest
^'comparison may be seen in Klaproth achatlas.
; depee; afford ed, by
? reckoning the tribes'on the Y(olg|; asja distinct brancb^pf the
Tschudish people. v . * tp ? n .}\'
The Morduine.Syiaecqrding to Pallas, areUiyided into three
tribes)*termed Mokscha, Ersan, and Karatag^ The former live
■ in the-forests, along the banks pf, the riv^-^qksha,;.and ,in
the mbuntaihous'regions;1 between th eM u ra and Volga. ' The
dames of drivers-and brooks indicate^ as Pallas ob^f^eSy that
... * Kef^mets is prohal}lysthe same as the Kalmets of thet^app;e& t
f MhlleVs Saromlung Russ, Gesch. Geqrgi Bqschreib., Pallas, Reisen durch
Versohi Prov, 3- ■]\£ullMXR€dsch®nY ol^sta“ ,3f e iM 39^
+ Pallas, ifeid. tom'i i; p, 128.