30.4 C H A R L IE * » 1 OF THE
phlegmatic temperament of mind, so . that tlie Esthonianin-
dulging hi& inclination, is ifew, |hzy, and indifferent. Yet a
slight v rnental culture and suitable exercise-" deyelope * and
bring into play the good qualities*.of which he-is susceptible.
For although sl$w, he ,is found to be- patient of labour? an|f
tenacious o fh is ; purpose; though incurious,.yet.hel comprehends
what is presented to his mind, and;follows#iit .with
accuracy his Wessons: hence he shows himself'by no «means
Tude or deficient in various!, arts. The mind -of the ?&-
thohian»it ^particrdarly susceptible of ,religious impressions,
of a sense o f the: ju s t and honourable, and offeelings /o f
tenderness; enrolled with their« fellows in warfare they d-iff-
play the virtue and bravery of/ancient times. The soundness
of their inteltects, and their faculty, of learning enable
them to comprehend the true principlds^^fi 'Christianity and
of every kind of mental culture, and giye„ reason to hope
th a t the Esthonians may hereafter advance in civilisa|feo.^<'
This description, which embraces tlie1wh^g..Esthonian nation,
undergoes variations, when the produce of fishing, trallicf;
and various kinds of gain, brings some into a condition dess
subject to authority than others who areoppressed^by poyflFty,
care, or hard labour.
It seems from this description th a t the Esthonians display
in their bodies and minds the>effects of long-continued degra/
dation and the miseries of slavery. They appear to be phyi.
sically very inferior to their kinsmen the Finns, who have
always enjoyed comparatively freedom.and. prosperity.
The following is a description of the skull of th e Esthonians
in its most general type.
“ In the Esthonian race the skull has un angular form,
which however often passes, into an oval figure. A wedge-
shaped skull is more rare among; them, and I have never observed
the skull of an Esthonian of a round form.”
The skull at the first view, when compared with the facial
part of the cranium, appears large, and surveyed from the
upper or back part, square ; for not only the latera parietalia
are very prominent, but also the occiput in the region of
the upper semicircular line, is much expanded, both towards
the back part and the sides. The sinciput is not much less