stamm.” If we consider the name of this branch in its local
relation merelyyAt ililTbe neailplequivalent to- Uralian.
Among the Ugorian tribes are enumerated ihryl. The Wo-
gouls of the Uralian mountain-chain, whose language displays
four dialects, indicative of so many tribes..' 2. Various tribes
of Ostiaks,- inhabiting the neighbourhood of the river Obi.
3. The Magyars or Hungarians, who settled in -the ninth century
in Hungary, but are proved by historical evidence, and
principally by the analogy of their language, to be a tribe of
this race, and to have belonged to the. Ugorian division, of it.
. I shall now proceed to examine the history of particular
nations falling under each of these subdivisions. It may-be
observed, for the purpose of a more distinct terminology, that
the name dTIotuns or Iotnen, comprehends properly the Wgst?
em Finns, Esthonians, and Lappes; that of_f»Tschude^j. the
tribes of middle Russia, both on the Wolga and in Permland;
Gugres or Ugorian tribes are those o f thn^IJ^aL..and -Siberia.
Each of these names has by some writers been generalised,
and made by them to comprehend the whole.sAock.
S e c t io n III.—O f the Iotuns or Iotnen, including Finnas
or Lappes, Finns, Ehstians, and Liefi or Livonians.
It is remarkable that the Lappes were known for many
ages under no other designation than that of Finnas o^Skrith-
finnas, a fact calculated to throw doubt on the derivation of the
name of Finns adopted by Ihre and later writers. The Lappes
are termed by their Russian neighbours Lopari: tribes, fee*
longing to this division of the Iotune race are distinguished
by their wilder and more nomadic manner of life, and still
more by their dialects, which though related to those of the
Finns are yet separate idioms, and unintelligible in conversation
to- Finns who live at a distance from the Lappes. The
language of the JFinns, properly so termed, is much more
nearly related to the Ehstian or Esthonian, and to the Liefian
or Livonian, and the people who speak these three dialects are
similar in their manners. In the time of Pliny the- southern
coast of the Baltic to the eastward of the Vistula was vaguely
termed:rFinningia, frormthe Finnish .tribes who inhabited it.
Pliny giV.es it that nam^ybut enumerates among its inhabitants
German1 arid "perhaps ‘-some :Slavonian tribes, extending from
the Vistula tawdrds'4t?he remote East.4
Ptolemy in^the^seebrnd^dentury aotentioned Phinni, -together
with thefG.ythoheS’! and Ven’edaey nationslof small extent and
power in the neighbourhood of the Vistula.-f*
Tacitus at an .earlier--period h a d ;more accurately described'
the Finns, evidently inhabitants- of-cqUnMes t‘o the southward^
of#h?e’<Baltrc.
How far th e ’Finnish races may originally have1 extended
frdm this quarter-towards the1 South arid, wfefe is. uncertain.
Is i’s ’’ v ^ y -/probable* * that in ages- anterior .to the conquest
of Germany -by the-Teutonio raoe- they.may have,-occupied
all 'tbefSbutherii^l^oast&of the^ Baltic, ajnd they may have*
(|d|hfe into ('contact with thej Celtic' nation in the’neighbourhood
of the fGihlbriic territory. They appear, according ,:to
Geijefy from hrfeJ&fl' abcOutits/to have-<sptfeid>thfemtdlves’a t
ieastfnfo tbe islands b f the -Baltic-adjafceftt?%o ^ ^ s t bf
Denmark.^' - - :
i.llFhe¥inhishtrib#Uo the southward of the gulMf Einnland
ai'e th e • EhstianS:and Liefi or Livonians.'- They are chiefly,
in Esthohia, Russia, and on the cp'aSt.bf theigulfmf Livonia,
where'they liVe both about-Salis on the -eastern, and-about
AngC^bl'bh' the westeraPbhbre of the gfeat Livonian «bay-or
gnif. ' Ooufland is the mopt Western&fcuntryteow containing
lis tW t remains-of the old Finnish population. At Walk^one
hundred and Tor ty wersts eastfrom Riga,Ttefetbonferi Finnish
takes place *of the Lettish ’or Lithuanian idiom among the
peasantry. “ Here,’^ y s th e ’intelligent traveller M. Erjhan
«is the clearly-marked boundary of theHunn^Finmsh race,
* Nec minor est opmioneFhmmgia-. Quidam haec habitari ad Vistulum usque
fluvium a Garmatis, Venedis, &c.,, ferupt..'.
•K Claud. Ptolem. Geogr. p-. 73.
* See. the Account of the Iotuh Aeger of Bl&r, in the Isle of De&6% near Denmark.
Lessee means Bier’s Oe or Bier s island. Geijer,- uhi supra* p: 346. &ee
also Koniing ®ldf Beiges BaraldsonV Heiinsktfngla, apnd Peringskioldj
tom. i. p> 6^7-