356 GÄDWAL L DUCK.
teri®ly with, two s e r i e s s c u t e l l a , the outer shorter, the rest covered
with reticulated angular scales; to.es>obliquely scutellate above; first
very small,* ffepi ¡wi g i a narrow membrane .beneath; third longest,,
fourth considerably shorter, second shorter than fourth,, their connect,
ing we l l , entire,; on the edge creiurte ; the second- or inner toe,with
a membranous margin, ifllaws: small, slightly arched, compressed,
rather acute, the hind ilniv, very >jnall- and more- curved, that of the
middle toe with an inner sharp edge.
l'lmnage dense, soft, blended, Feathers of the head short, of the
occiput and uapp.j) littlcj elongated,.'of the lower parts glossy with the
extremities.of the filaments stiffish. Wings rather long, little curved,,
pointed; the first quill, longest» « ( r e s t rapidly graduated.; secondaries
very broad, but pointed, the inner much elongated, and tapering
to a point. The lips of the filament? of. tho outer web of the first primacy,
are separated, and curved a little forwards. Tail short,,rounded,
of sixteen strong pointed feathers, of which tho middle pair project
considerably., j
Bilk; bluish-black. Iris reddish, hazel. Beet dull oranggjf elldw,
claws brownish-black, webs dusky. . He a d light yellowish-red, the up
per part and map:« much darker and barred with dusky ; the rest dotted
with the sfflje, The lower part of the nock, the sides'of the body, the
fore part of the back, a i d the outer scapulars, undulated-with dusky,
and yellowish-white, the bands much larger and semicircular on the
f«,;e part of the neck and breast; the latter white, the abdomen faintly
and minutely undulated with brownish-grey; the elongated scapulars
brownish-grey, broadly margined with brovvnisli-red ; the hind part of
the back brownish-black-: the rump all round, and the upper and lowers
tail c-ovorts, bluish-black. The anterior smaller wing-coverts are light
grey, undulated with dusky, tho middlewiverl» of a deep rich chestnutr
e d; primary coverts brown ish-erev, outer secondary coverts- darker
and tinged with chestnut, the; rest black,; excepting the inner, which a re
g f i f , Primaries and: inner elongated-Secondaries brownish-grey, of
which colour alQ are the inner webs of tho rest, part of the outer web*
of five of the outer black, and their terminal margins white, of which
colour are the whole, outer wobs of the three next to tho inner elongated
quills. Tail brownish-grey, tho feathers margined -with paler.
. . / !>i !ongth to end of tail: 2 l f inches, to end of wings 19, to end'of' claws
2 3 J ; extent of wing? 35 ; l.ill along the ridge I f , along'the edge-of
'lower mandible r } ; wing from flexure 11; tail 4 f ; tarsus l i ; hind toe
GADWALL DUCK. 357
and claw i ; second too I f Sifts claw ,4, ; third to« > | , its claw A ; » » »
toe 1 its claw Weight 1 lb. 10 oz.
Adult Female. J'late C C C X LVI I I . Fig. 2.
The fonjalo. is considerably smaller. Bill dusky along the ridge,
dull yellowish-orange on the sides, Ms h w M Feet of a fainter tint
than in the : * » l.'ppor part of head brownish-black,, the feathers
edged with light reddish brown ; a streak over the eye, the cheeks, the
upper part of the neck all round, l ight yellowish-red tinged with grey,
and marked with small longitudinal dusky streaks, which are fainter
on the throat, that part being greyish-white : the rest, of the neck, the
sides? all the upper parts and the lower rump feathers brownish-black
broadly margined with yellowish-rod. Wing-coverts brownish-grey,
iidged with paler ; ' the wing otherwise as in tho m a l e . « » the speculum
fainter. Tail-feathers, and fhoir coverts dusky, laterally obliquely indented
with pale brownish-red, and margined with reddish-white.
Length to end of tail 1!)| inches, to end of wings 18f, to end of
«laws 19£ ; extent of wings 3 1 ; wing from flexure Bj ; tail 3f ; tarsus
1 f t ; middle toe l f t , its claw AIn
a '&f e , the roof of the mouth is deeply concave, with a prominent
median ridge, and oblique grooves toward the; end. The tongue
is 1 inch 10 twelfths long, fleshy, with a deep longitudinal groove, two
lateral series of filaments, and a thin broadly rounded tip, as i a other
ducks. The oesophagus, a, b, is 1 0 J inches long, 5 twelfths in diameter
for about four inches, then enlarged to 10 twelfths, and again contracted
as it enters the thorax. The proventriculus, b b, is 1 inch and
two twelfths long, its greatest diameter 8 twelfths. The stomach, c d e,
is a very large and powerful gizzard, of an elliptical form, compressed,
1 inch and 9 twelfths long, 2 inches in its'greatest, breadth, or in the
direction of the lateral muscles, of which the right, c, is 10 twelfths
-•"thick, the left, rf, 9 twelfths. The epithelium is thiek and rugous ;
much thickened and forming two roundish,, flat or slightly concave grinding
surfaces,, opposite the muscles. The intestine, e f g t is 6 feet 10
inches long,, wide, its diameter for 2 feet being 4 | twelfths, towards the
rectum enlarging to 6 twelfths. I t forms first a very long duodenal
curve, c e f g , and is then convoluted or coiled in numerous folds. The
rectum is 5{ inches long.; the eoeca 11 inches, their greatest diameter