Involucre usually one scale to each floret, that of the
hermaphrodite much larger, forming a common involucre
to the capitulum, aristato-mucronate; those of
the females linear, truncated at the apex and adhering
at the base to the pedicels. Hermaphrodite corolla
large, sub-campanulate, made up of a congeries of quadrangular
cells, very fragile under the knife. [The plant
which forms the type of this genus is Sphceranthus
amaranthoides of Burman and D. C., but which is amply
distinct both in structure and habit from Sphceranthus.}
Peninsula, rare, Tanjore, Burmah, Ceylon.
** Capitula not congested into a glomerulus. Pappus
none.
32. Dichrocephala (D. C. 5-371, R. W. Icon.
1095-96). Capitula heterogamous; florets all tubular;
marginal ones female, many series, 3-4-toothed, central
hermaphrodite or male few,. 4-toothed. Achaenia
compressed, beakless, of the females bald, of the hermaphrodite
crowned with 1-2 bristles.—Annuals with
alternate leaves and small globose capitula, spreading
involucre, and conical, naked receptacles. Flowers
purplish. Himalayas, Neilgherries.
33. Grange a (Adans, D. C. 5-372, R. W. Icon.
1097). Capitula heterogamous; florets all tubular; of
the circumference two or several series female, very
slender, 3-toothed; of the centre hermaphrodite, 5-toothed.
Styles of the disk undivided. Achaenia obovate,
somewhat compressed, attenuated at the base, crowned
with an entire cup-shaped pappus, slightly fimbrillate on
the margin.—Procumbent herbs, leaves alternate, sinu-
ately pinnatifid. Capitula solitary, globose, terminal.
Involucre 2 series. Receptacle hemispherical. Flowers
yellow. A common weed near tanks in moist soil.
34. Cyathocline (Cass. D. C. 5-373, R. W. Icon.
1098, 1150). Capitula heterogamous; marginal florets
many series, female, 3-toothed; central ones obconical,
male, 5-toothed. Achsenia oblong, attenuated at both
ends, with a short pellucid beak. Pappus none (unless
the beak be considered such).—Erect, herbaceous, viscid,
heavy-smelling plants, with alternate bipinnatifid
leaves. Capitula small, racemose, on the ends of long-
ish, naked peduncles. Involucre many series. Receptacle
ebracteolate, the centre elevated, saucer-shaped,
bearing the male flowers. Flowers reddish purple.
Nepam, Prome, Neilgherries, Bombay.
*** Capitula not congested into a glomerulus. Pappus
pilose 1—2 series.
35. T hespis (D. C. 5, Prod. 375). Capitula heterogamous
; marginal florets many series, female, very slender;
style scarcely exserted; central ones few, male, with
short tube and campanulate limb. Anthers incluse.
Achsenia compressed, glabrous. Pappus 7 -8 barbellate
bristles.—Erect, ramous, glabrous annuals with alternate
leaves. Peduncles axillary and terminal, bearing few
congested capitula. Involucre several series, shorter
than the disk. Receptacle naked, flat, punctulate.
Flowers yellow. Pappus first white, afterwards reddish.
Khassia Mountains.
36. Berthelotia (D. C. 5-375). Capitula heterogamous
; florets o f the circumference many series, female
2-3-toothed; of the disk few (5-12), 5-toothed. Achaenia
terete, beakless. Pappus 1 series, paleaceous, cohering
at the base, scabrous at the -apex.—A shrub with
alternate, sessile leaves. Capitula oblong, forming dense
corymbs- on the ends of the branches. Involucre oval,
scales several series, imbricated, adpressed. Receptacle
naked, flowers purplish. Upper Hindostan, Banks of
the Jumna.
37. Conyza (Less. Syn. D. C. 5-377). Capitula heterogamous;
florets of the circumference many series,
female, 3-5-toothed; of the disk few, male, 5-toothed.
Achaenia compressed, attenuated at the base. Pappus
1 series, bristles filiform.—Erect, ramous, terete herbs,
with alternate leaves and corymbose or sub-paniculate,
pedicelled capitula. Involucre many series. Receptacle
ebracteolate punctulate or fimbriliferous. Flowers
yellow, pappus red or reddish. Widely distributed,
Bengal, Martaban, Peninsula.
Sub-tribe III. T archonanthe.®. Capitula either
dioicous or heterogamous, never radiate. Female flowers
in the circumference, many series, very slender; florets of
the disk hermaphrodite or male, fewer and larger. Anthers
caudate. Leaves alternate.
Div. II. Capitula heterogamous or monoicous.
38. Blumea (D. C. 5-432, R. W. Icon. 1099, 1100,
1101). Capitula heterogamous, florets of the circumference
many series, truncated, or 2-3-toothed; of the disk
few (5-25) cylindrical, 5-toothed, the throat scarcely
dilated. Anthers very slenderly caudate at the base.
Achsenia terete. Pappus 1 series, bristles capillary,
scarcely rough.—Herbaceous or suffruticose plants with
panicled or loosely corymbose inflorescence. Involucre
imbricated, many series, scales linear acuminated. Receptacle
flat, quite naked, or sometimes hairy. Flowers
yellow or purple. Every where, all over India.
39. Pluchea (Cass. D. C. 5-449, R. W. Ulust. tab. 131).
Capitula heterogamous; florets of the circumference
many series, female, truncated or 243-toothed; central
ones few, male, or imperfectly hermaphrodite, 5-toothed.
Anthers bicaudate at the base. Achaenia erostrate,
cylindrical or furrow-angled. Pappus 1 series, bristles
filiform, scarcely rough.—Herbaceous or suffruticose,
plants with alternate leaves, often glanduloso-pubescent.
Capitula corymbose, pedicelled. Involucre many series,
imbricated. Receptacle naked or hairy, fimbrillate.
Flowers yellow, sfjp'his genus appears scarcely distinct
from the preceding. D. C. remarks “a Conyza et
Blumea antheris caudatis diversum,” a very slender
difference.] Eastern Islands, Mysore.
40. Monenteles (Labill. D. C. 5-455). Capitula
many-flowered; marginal florets 2-3 series, females,
scarcely dentate; o f the disk 1-5 hermaphrodite or
male, 5-toothed, externally sub-glandulose. Anthers
of the disk with subulate spurs. Achsenia oblong,
sub-compressed, sparingly villous. Pappus 1 series,
bristles filiform, connected at the base.—Ramous herbs
with the leaves decurrent, forming wings to the stems.
Capitula sessile, fasciculed in the axils of the floral
leaves, forming spikes. Involucre 2-series, persistent,
about equal, not imbricated. Receptacle flat, narrow.
Burmah.
41. -Efaltes (Cass. D. C. 5-461). Capitula heterogamous;
florets of the circumference many series,
female ; of the disk sterile. Anthers incluse. Styles
of the disk scarcely exserted, undivided. Achaenia of
the ray obovate, subangLed, glabrous. Pappus none.
—Ramous herbs with alternate, .decurrent leaves, peduncles
opposite the leaves. Involucre two or several
series, imbricated. Receptacle naked, convex. Indian
Peninsula, common in rice fields.
Sub-tribe IV. Inule.®. Capitula never dioicous
rarely homogamous, often heterogamous, radiate. Ligulce
female, isochromous (colour o f the disk). Receptacle, except
Rhantarium, epaleaceous. Anthers caudate. Leaves
alternate.
Div. 1. Capitula several, many-flowered, not glomeru-
late. .
42. Inula (G®rtner D. C. 5-463). Capitula heterogamous
; florets of the ray 1 series, female, or sometimes,
by abortion, sterile, usually ligulate; of the
disk hermaphrodite, tubular, 5-toothed. Anthers with
two bristles at the base. Achsenia erostrate, roundish.
Pappus uniform, bristles capillary.—Herbaceous perennials.
Capitula at the apices of the branches, solitary,
often corymbose. Involucre imbricated, many series.
Receptacle naked. Flowers yellow. Himalayas.
43. Vico a (Cass. D. C. 5-474, R. W. Icon. 11-48).
Capitula heterogamous; florets of the ray narrow ligulate,
1 series; of the disk tubular, 5-toothed. Anthers
setaceously appendiculate at the base. Achaenia beakless.;
Pappus of the ray none, of the disk capillary,
1 series.—Erect, ramous annuals with alternate, auri-
culately sagittate, sessile leaves; branches sparingly
leafy, 1-cephalous. Involucre imbricated, scales subulate.
Receptacle ebracteolate. Flowers yellow. Common
weed all over the Peninsula.
44. Franccburia (Cass. D. C. Prod. 5-475). Capitula
many-flowered, heterogamous; ray florets ligulate,
short, 1 series, female; disk ones tubular, 4-toothed hermaphrodite.
Achaenium beakless. Pappus caducous,
1 series, bristles rough below, above barbellato-plumose,
aglutinated at the base into a short ring, crowned with
minute pale® or bristles.—A n erect under-shrub with
alternate leaves; and Lcephalous branches, involucre
campanulate, imbricated, receptacle naked, flat.—Flowers
yellow. Banks of the Ganges, Behar.
45. P ulicaria (Gffirt. D. C. Prod. 5-477). Capitula
many-flowered, heterogamous; ray florets 1 series, fe-
male, ligulate; disk ones tubular, 5-dentate, hermaphrodite.
Achsenia beakless, not compressed. Pappus 2
series, exterior crown-like, dentate, short; interior of
rough bristles.—Erect, ramous, villous, odorous plants
with cordato-sagittate leaves, frequent in marshy grounds.
Peduncles l-cephaloqs. Involucre loosely imbricated.
Receptacle naked, areolate, flat. Flowers yellow. Mysore,
Patna, Himalayas.
Div. II. CffisuMEiE. Capitula lflowered, glomerate,
involucre 2-valved, afterwards aglutenatedto the achoenium.
46. CiEsunA (Roxb. D. C. 5-482, R. W. Icon. 1102).
p ? l a numerous> aggregated in a glomerulus, or genrai
head: proper involucre 2, carinated, membranaceous
valves, at length cohering with the ovary and
a spurious, 2-lobed pappus. Corolla tubular, 5-
oed, spreading. Anthers rigid, caudate. Branches of
the styles exserted, filiform, diverging [Roxb. Icon. D. C.],
or incluse and shortly spathulate [R. W . Icon.]. Ach*-
nia compressed, apparently 2-winged from the eohering-
involucral scales. Pappus wanting [unless the elongated
points of the involucre be considered such].—Herbaceous,
diffuse plants. Leaves alternate, dilated, amplexicaul
at the origin of the flowers. Flowers sessile, surrounded
by 2 -3 orbicular leaves and some small bracts, forming
the general involucre, pale violet or white, opening
from the centre towards the circumference. [This
genus seems badly placed here, having apparently no
affinity with the plants among which it is stationed.]
Not uncommon in wet soil in sub-alpine situations.
Sub-tribe Buphthalme®. Capitula usually heterogamous.
Ray florets ligulate. Receptacle paleaceous. Pappus
crown-like, tom or piloso-dentate.
47. Buphthalmum (Necker, D. C. Prod. 5-483). Florets
of the ray 1 series, broadish ligulate; tubes "of all
the corollas terete, narrow below. Achasnia of the ray
triquetrous, narrow, 3-winged; of the disk compressed,
winged on the interior margin. Pappus scariose,
crown-like, piloso-dentate.—Perennial herbs. Leaves
linear lanceolate, entire. Capitula solitary, terminal.
Involucral scales long, acuminate. Anthers scarcely
caudate. A very doubtful Indian genus.
Sub-tribe E clypte®. Capitula heterogamous, flowers
o f the ray female, except Cryphiospermum, ligulate; o f
the disk hermaphrodite: anthers ecaudate. Receptacle paleaceous.
Pappus either none or aristate, never setaceous.
Leaves opposite.
48: E clipta (Lin. D. C. 5-489). Capitula many-
flowered, heterogamous; of the ray 1 series, female,
shortly ligulate; of the disk tubular, 4-toothed. Achaenia
of the ray triangular, of the disk compressed, tu-
berculated on the sides, scarcely apiculate.—Rough,
herbaceous plants with opposite leaves and solitary,
axillary peduncles. Involucre 2 series, scales 10-12.
Receptacle flat, covered with lanceolate pale®. Flowers
white; juice employed to dye black. Common
weed every where in cultivated ground.
49. Blainvillea (Cass. D. C. 5-492). Capitula heterogamous;
florets of the ray few, 1 series, expanding
into a broad, short, irregularly 3-cleft ligula; of the disk
tubular, 5-cleft. Style of the disk included. Ach®nia
of the ray triquatrous, bearing 3 rigid, persistent, ciliate
bristles. Of the disk compressed, biaristate.—Herbaceous
plants with opposite triplinerved leaves. Peduncles
axillary, monocephalous. Involucre cylindrical, 1-2
series, exterior ones foliaceous. Receptacle narrow,
pale® embracing the flowers concave, membranaceous.
Flowers white. Like the preceding, common in cultivated
grounds.
50. Siegesbeckia (Lin. D. C. 5-495, R. W. Icon.
1103). Capitula heterogamous ; florets of the ray 1
series, ligulate or deformed; of the disk tubular, 3-5-
toothed. Ach®nia obovate oblong, somewhat 4-sided,
curved within, epappose.—Herbaceous, dichotomous
plants, upper parts viscid. Involucre 2 series; five exterior
ones linear, spathulate, spreading; interior ones,
involving the ach®nia of the ray, viscidly pilose on the
back. Receptacle flat. Pale® embracing the ach®nia.
Flowers yellow. Widely diffused over the Peninsula in
sub-alpine or alpine jungles.