roughish.—Shrubs or herbs often climbing. Leaves opposite
often united between themselves by a transverse
projection. Capitula spicate, racemose, corymbose, or
panicled. Involucre 4-leaved, with bracts at or below
the base. Tube of the corolla short, dilated, campanu-
late at the throat, white or pale yellow. Anthers sub-
exserted. Penang and Eastern Islands generally.
Sub-tribe. T ussilagenee. Capitula heterogamous or
dioicous.
* Capitula radiate. Ray florets ligulate female, disk
ones tubular mate.
12. T ussieago (Toum. D. C. Prod. 5-208). Capitula
many-flowered, heterogamous. Ray several series, narrow
ligulate, female; flowers of the disk few, tubular,
male; limb campanulate, 5-toothed. Achaenia of the
ray oblong, cylindrical, glabrous, o f the disk, abortive.—
Perennial herbs. Leaves produced after flowering.
Scape scaly, 1-cephalous. Involucre 1 series. Flowers
yellow. Himalayas.
Tribe HI. A steroidee.
Sub-tribe I. Aster inee. Capitula homo or heterogamous
usually radiate. Anthers ecaudate, leaves almost
always alternate.
Div. II. As t er ee . Capitula heterogamous, radiate.
Receptacle epaleaceous, naked, alveolate, or flmbrUiferous.
* Achania compressed. Pappus pilose, one or several
series.
13. Aster (Nees. D. C. Prod. 5-226). Capitula radiate,
flowers of the ray 1 series, fertile; of the disk hermaphrodite,
5-toothed. Achaenia compressed. Pappus
pilose, persistent, several series: bristles scabrous, unequal,
otherwise similar.—Perennial herbs, with alternate
leaves. Capitula solitary or several, corymbose.
Scales of the involucre several series, loosely imbricated.
Receptacle alveolate;; margins of the alveolae
more or less dentate. Florets of the ray white, blue,
or purplish; of the disk yellow. [This genus seems
scarcely admissible into the Indian Flora.]
14. Galatella (Cass. D. C. Prod. 5-254). Capitula
radiate, ray 1 series, ligulate, neuter or with abortive
female organs, disk hermaphrodite, fertile. Achaenia
densely hairy or strigose. Pappus several series, bristles
rigid, rough.—Perennial herbs with simple stems, corymbose
at the apex. Leaves alternate, 3-nerved at the
base, punctuate. Involucre scales shorter than the disk,
imbricated. Receptacle alveolate. Alveolae toothed.
Branches of the fertile styles spathulate. Disk yellow,
ray blue, purple or white. Himalayas.
15. C aeimeris (Nees. D. C. 5—258). Capitula radiate,
ray ligulate female, 1 series; disk hermaphrodite, fertile.
Achaenia compressed, rough on the margin. Pappus
about 1 series, rough, unequal.—Herbaceous perennials,
stems angled, corymbose. Scales of the involucre 2-4
series, herbaceous, loosely imbricated. Receptacle alveolate,
alveolae 4-angled, angles toothed. Florets of
the ray white or blue, of the disk yellow. Himalayas,
Massurie.
** Pappus double, exterior series squamose, interior
pilose.
16. Caeeistephus, (Cass. D. C. 5-274, R. W . Icon.
1085). Capitula many-flowered; of the ray ligulate,
female; of the disk tubular, hermaphrodite. Achænia
obovate, cuniform, compressed, roughish. Pappus double,
each of 1 series; exterior short, paleaceously setaceous,
cohering into a crown; interior long, filiform,
rough, deciduous.—Erect, ramous, herbaceous annuals ;
branches with a single capitulum on the apex. Involucre
3 -4 series. Scales ciliate, obtuse, embraced by
foliaceous bracts, shorter than the involucre. Receptacle
slightly alveolate. Flowers yellow. Frequent in
the Southern provinces in cultivated lands.
17. Dipeopappus {Cass. D. C. Prod. 5-275). Capitula
many-flowered radiate ; florets of the ray 1 series, ligulate,
female; of the disk hermaphrodite, 5-toothed.
Achænia oblong, compressed. Pappus of the disk and
ray double, roughish, exterior short, setulose, interior
long, bristly.—Herbs or under shrubs. Involucre scales
imbricate. Receptacle flat, sub-foviolate. Ray white,
blue or purple, disk yellow. Nepaul, Kemaon.
*** Florets o f the ray several series, pappus pilose, 1-2
or several series ; exterior one equal or a little shorter.
18. F ueeertonia (D. C. Prod. 5-281). Capitula
many-flowered heterogamous ; ray several series, narrow
ligulate, female ; disk hermaphrodite, 5-toothed. Achænia.
beakless terete, of the ray bald, of the disk crowned
with reddish pappus.—Herbs, leaves alternate semi-
amplexicaule. Capitula solitary on the ends of the
branches and in their axils. Involucre polyphyllous, 1- 2 series, embraced by foliaceous bracts. Receptacle
naked. Flowers, from dried specimens, appear to be
white or pale yellow. Kemaon.
19. H eterochoeta (D. C. 5-282). Capitula many-
flowered radiate ; ligulæ female, linear, several series ;
disk hermaphrodite. Young achænia compressed?
Pappus double, exterior short, paleaceous, interior long
bristly, rough.—Pilosely villous, whitish herbs. Capitula
solitary, terminal. Scales of the involucre 2 -3 series,
equal, acuminate. Receptacle naked, punctulate.
Flowers of the ray white or purplish. Himalayas.
20. E rigeron (Lin. D. C. 5-283, R. W. Icon. 1090).
Capitula many-flowered radiate ; ligulæ linear, female,
several series ; disk tubular, either all hermaphrodite or
with the exterior florets female. Achænia compressed,
beakless. Pappus 1 series.—Herbaceous or sufiruticose ;
leaves alternate. Capitula hemispherical. Involucre
2 - 3 series. Receptacle naked, foviolately punctate.
Florets of the ray white, blue, or purple ; disk yellow.
Widely diffused preferring alpine situations.
21. Rhynchospermum (Reinw. D. C. Prod. 5-296).
Capitula many-flowered, radiate ; ligulæ 2 -3 series,
female : disk hermaphrodite. Achænia compressed, attenuated
at the base, short beaked. Pappus setose, 1
series ; bristles twisted or indexed at the apex.—Perennial
herbs, extreme ramuli verticillate ; leaves alternate.
Capitula solitary in the axils of the leaves. Involucre
hemispherical, imbricate. Receptacle convex scrobi-
culate. Colour of flowers ? Java.
**#* Florets o f the ray 1 series. Pappus o f the ray
and disk different.
22. Stenactis (Nees. D. C. 5-298). Capitula many-
flowered ; those of the ray 1 series, female, narrow ligulate
; of the disk hermaphrodite, 5-toothed. Achaenia
oblong, compressed. Pappus of the ray 1 series,setaceous,
of the disk double, the exterior short, interior like
the pappus of the ray.—Erect herbs with alternate
leaves. Capitula solitary on the apices of the branches.
Scales of the involucre 2 -3 series. Receptacle naked,
plain or convex. Ray florets white, or pale purple;
disk yellow. Nepaul, Himalayas.
***** Florets o f the ray 1 series. Pappus squamulate.
23. Asteromea (Blume, D. C. 5-302). Capitula
many-flowered; ray 1 series, female, ligulate; disk hermaphrodite.
Stigmas of the disk lanceolate. Achaenia
4-ribbed, somewhat compressed, attenuated at the base,
somewhat glandulose, hairy. Pappus 1 series, united
at the base, setaceously cleft at the apex.—Erect, glabrous
herbs, with alternate leaves. Capitula solitary on
the apices of the branches. Involucre 2 series; scales
herbaceous at the apex. Ligul® blue or white; disk
yellow. Java.
****** Florets o f the ray 1 series. Pappus croton-Uke
or wanting.
24. Myriactis (Less. D. C. 5-308, R. W. Icon. 1091).
Capitula heterogamous; flowers of the ray 2 or many
series, female; ligula very narrow; of the disk hermaphrodite.
Achaenia compressed, beakless, often glan-
duliferous at the apex. Pappus none.—Erect, dichoto-
mously ramous herbs with alternate leaves. Peduncles
long, 1-cephalous, paniculate. Capitula globose. Involucre
1-2 series. Receptacle naked. Florets white
or yellow. Himalayas, Neilgherries.
Div. III. Chrysocomee. Receptacle naked, alveolate,
or flmbrUiferous. Capitula yellow either homogamous
with all the florets tubular, hermaphrodite ; or radiate, the
ray florets ligulate, female or neuter.
* Ray florets several series.
25. P siadia (Jacq. D. C. 5-318). Capitula heterogamous,
at first sight discoid though truly radiate, ray
florets several series, very short; disk hermaphrodite
or male by abortion, 5-toothed. Achaenia of the ray
oblong, glabrous, beakless. Pappus uniform, 1 series.—
Shrubs with alternate petioled leaves and corymbose
inflorescence. Involucre several series, imbricated.
Receptacle sub-alveolate. Moluccus, Mauritius.
26. Microgeossa (D. C. 5-320, Frivalia Endl.). Differs
from the preceding in the disk florets which are
o-5-cleft,male.— Sufiruticose, erect or somewhat voluble.
Leaves alternate. Inflorescence corymbose. Pappus
reddish. [I can see no satisfactory reason for separating
this from the preceding.] Java, Penang, Moluccas.
# Ray florets 1 series.
™M£HIBHAPIS (D. C. 5-343). Capitula radiate;
r i a 0‘~15 * 20’ homochromous (same colour as the disk);
<nsic florets 5-toothed, hermaphrodite. Achsenia linear
oblong, slightly compressed, villous or pubescent; the
villi sometimes simulating an exterior pappus. Pappus
1 series, setaceous, rigid.—Perennial, erect herbs, with
alternate leaves and corymbose capitula. Involucre
imbricated. Receptacle alveolate. Flowers all yellow.
Khassia, Nepaul, Ceylon.
Sub-tribe II. Baccharide. Capitula heterogamous
or dioicous, never radiate, cdl the florets tubular, usually
several series o f female ones in the circumference. Anthers
ecaudate, receptacle epaleaceous. Leaves alternate.
Div. I. Conyzee. Capitula heterogamous, monoicous,
capitula numerous, congested into a Sphcurical glomerulus,
sessile in the axils o f the bracts.
28. Blepharsipermum (Wight Herb. D. C. 5-368,
R. W . Icon. 1092-93). Capitula 4-flowered, numerous,
combined into a globose glomerulus. Flowers tubular,
2 exterior female, 3-toothed; 2 interior male, 5-toothed.
Style not exserted, scarcely bifid. Anthers apiculate,
sub-caudate at the base. Achsenia oboval-oblong, compressed,
subtetragonous; two of the angles nerve-like,
glabrous, 2 marginal, ciliate. Pappus of the female
flowers 3—5 palse ; of the male none.—Glabrous shrubs,
leaves alternate. Glomerules globose, one or more on
the ends of the branches. Involucre double. Receptacle
of the capitula narrow, with a palea between the
flowers. Courtallum, Mysore, Wynaud.
29. ^ Athroisma (D. C. 5-368). Capitula numerous,
combined into an ovate glomerulus. Axis of the glo-
merule cylindrical. Capitula several-flowered, heterogamous,
4 -5 exterior flowers female, slender, 4-5-toothed;'
central ones few, male, wider above, 5-toothed.
Achaenia black, obcompressed oval, plano-convex, the
marginal angle ciliate near the apex. Pappus sparing,
sub-setose.— Erect, ramous herbs, sufiruticose at the
base; leaves alternate. Receptacles of the capitula
bearing numerous concave membranaceous pale®
among the flowers. Involucre few-leaved, scarcely
distinguishable from the pale® of the receptacle.
Martaban at Tragla.
30. Spheranthus (VailL D. C. Prod. 5-369, R. W.
Icon. 1094). Capitula heterogamous, several-flowered,
densely aggregated into a globose glomerulus. Flowers
all tubular ; females thickened at the base, 3-dentate,
several series in the circumference; males, by abortion
of the style, in the centre, 5-toothed. Style in the centre
florets undivided. Ach®nia beakless, pilose. Pappus
none.—Herbs, with decurrent leaves, winged or
wingless one-cephalous peduncles. Glomerules dense.
Scales of the partial involucre numerous, 2 -3 series.
Partial receptacle naked, general bracteolate, flowers
purple. A common plant in rice fields and other low,
wet grounds.
31. Oeigoeepis (R. W. Calcutta Journal, not Cassini,
R- W. Icon. 1149). Capitula numerous, heterogamous,
about 5-flowered. Florets all tubular; females few
(about 4), 1 series, pedicelled, slender, 3-dentate in the
circumference; hermaphrodite in the centre, solitary,
sessile, 5-toothed, sub-campanulate. -Style in the central
flower undivided. Achania beakless, of the females
terete, hairy, of the disk, obsoletely 4-sided, glabrous.
Pappus none.—Glabrous herbs with decurrent, spathulate
leaves, and dense, ovate oblong, axillary glomerules.