S o u rs o f Labour.
T o e x p la in th is a r tic le , it w i l l b e n e c e fla ry to ftate the different
d cfc r ip tion s th a t com p o fe th e in h a b ita n ts ; to d o w h ic h in a p e r fp i-
cu ous fo rm th e F o llow ing ch ffific a tio n has be en a d o p te d :
Clafs. 'Defcription. Numbers. By whom fupportedv
r Settlers, b y . grant or leafe, and freemen who are »3 . government.
\ binder-tenants-to the fettler, I04 labour.
xft, Civil and military, . -
ad, •J Freemen who are hired by the year, &c. or who hire
1 themfelves out daily, - . . . - 138 ditto.
Convicts who are taken off the ftores by officers, &c. 5 ditto.
3 <*. Ditto affigned to officers, &c.
C Ditto employed as overfeers, artificers, watchmen, &c.
67 government.
4th,
1 for the public benefit, many of whom are invalid's,
] Ditto cultivating ground for the public ufe, and other
10 6 . ditto.
L incidental work, , 3° ditto.
Total males, 533
f Women "belonging to civil and military, and at public
Jth, < labour, - - - - 40 . ditto.
£ Ditto, who belong to the fecond clafs of men, U S labour.
6th,
f Children belonging to the firft and fourth clafles, I l6 government.
\ Ditto to the fecond and third clafles, - 73 labour.
Total females and children, 354
F r om th e fo r e g o in g fta tem en t it appears, that n o t more than one
h u n d red and th ir ty - f ix m en , c om p o fin g th e fo u r th clafs , are em p lo y ed
in c a r r y in g on p u b lic w o r k , o f w h ic h n um b e r o n ly .tw e n ty - e ig h t can
be em p lo y ed (w h en o th e r w o rk s o f p u b lic n e c e ffity do n o t in te rv en e )
in ra ifin g g ra in , & c . w ith o u t e x p en c e to th e c r ow n , fo r th e fir ft ,
th ird , fo u r th , and a p art o f th e fifth and f ix th c la f le s ; m a k in g to g e th e r
fo u r h und red and fo r ty - tw o *perfon«.
T h o fe o f th e fo u r th 'd a f s w h o la b o u r as ca rp enters, faw y e r s , b lack -
fm ith s , & c . w o r k from d a y lig h t till e ig h t o ’ c lo c k ; from n in e till
n o on ; and from tw o in th e a fte rn o on till fu n - fe t ; and as lo n g as th e y
do
d o th e ir w o r k p ro p e r ly , th e y h a v e F r id a y s and Sa turd a y s to th em -
felv es, w h ic h th e y em p lo y in w o r k in g at th e ir g ro u n d s , o r in b u ild in g ,
& c . fo r fettlers and others w h o can em p lo y them. A s th o fe w o rk s
are in f a d o f a priva te, nature, a lth o u g h in th e en d th e y become more
o r lefs o f p u b lic u tility , th e ar tificers are in d u lg e d w i th th e ufe o f
g o ve rnm en t-too ls and fu ch materials as can be fpared.
T h o fe em p loy ed in cu ltiv a tio n , and o th e r in c id en tal labour, fo r th e
p u b lic benefit, w o r k at all feafons from d a y lig h t un til on e o’ c lo ck ,
w h ic h is fo u n d m u ch m ore ad v ifab le th an d ifp e r fin g th em at the
h ours fo r meals, and co lle c t in g th em ag a in to re fum e th e ir labour.
A s v e r y f e w o f th is d e fcr ip tion h a v e a n y p e rfons to drefs th e ir m eal,
o r g r in d th e ir m a iz e , th e y h a v e b y th is man a gemen t a g rea t p art o f
th e d a y a t th e ir o w n d ifp o fa l; and from th e 2 i f t o f Sep tem b e r to th e
2 l i t o f F e b ru a ry n o p u b lic w o r k is d o ne on S a turd a y s . T h o fe o f this
d e fc r ip tio n w h o are in d u ftr iou s em p lo y a g rea t p a r t o f th e ir le ifu re
tim e in cu ltiv a t in g pieces o f g ro u n d fo r th e ir o w n u fe , o r la b o u r in g
fo r others.
T h e fecond and a p art o f th e fifth and f ix th clafle s , m a k in g to g e th e r
thre e hun d red and th ir ty -o n e p e rfpn s , fu p p o r t th em fe lv e s b y th e p ro d
uce o f th e ir labou r w i th o u t e x p en c e to th e c r o w n ; as th e c lo th in g
w i th w h ic h th e y and th e fettlers are o c c a fio n a lly fu rn ilh e d from th e
ftores is p aid fo r in g ra in o r flo c k .
Ordinary P rice o f Labour.
T o a conviCt taken o f f the ftores b y an o ffice r o r fe ttle r, from 5 1. to
61. p e r an n um .
T o a fre em an h ired b y th e y e a r , v ic tu a lled and c lo th ed , from 1 0 1.
to 12 1. p e r annum.
A d a y ’ s w o r k fo r a lab oure r, w i th v ic tu a ls , is 3 s . ; w ith ou t,- 5 $.
C u t tin g d ow n and b u rn in g o f f an a c r e -o f w o o d , 2 1.
D it to - d itto . - an acre o f w e ed s , 1 1. 10 s.
T h r e lh in g one b u lh e l o f w h e a t, 10 lb s . ; equal to 1 s. 8 d.
O th e r w o rk s are in p rop o r tion . T h e mod e o f p a ym en t fo r labour is
v a r io u s , and depends e n tir e ly on the em p lo y e r ’ s c ir cum fta n c e s ; bu t it
is in g enera l made b y w h a t arifes from th e g ra in o r fre lh p o rk p u t
3 u in to