o y a A C C O U N T O F TH E E N G L ISH C O L O N Y lin t.
T h e A tla n tic h ad like-wife on b o a rd v a r io u s fpecimens o f th e natural
pr-odudions o f th e c o u n t r y , 'timb er , p lan ts , animals, and birds. A m o n g
th e animals w e r e fo u r fine k a n g o o ro o s , a n d fe v e ra l nativ e dogs.
. T h e A tla n tic had b e en p u t in to ex ce llen t co n d ition fo r th e v o y a g e
w h ic h Ihe had to p e r form ; file w a s w e l l fo u n d and w e l l manned , and
th e r e appeared no reafon to d o u b t h e r r e a ch in g E n g lan d in f ix months
from h e r departure. A fafe and fp e ed y p affage to he r w a s th e general
w i f h , riot -only on a c c o u n t o f th e g o v e rn o r , w h o fe h e a lth an d e on fti-
■ tution (alre ad y m u ch -impaired) .might fuffier g re a tly b y th e fa t ig u e s o f
a p rotrac ted v o y a g e 1; b u t th a t th e in fo rm ation o f w h ic h his e x c e lle n c y
w a s in -poffeffion r e fp e d in g the fe fe ttlem en ts , from th e ir eftabliffiments
t o th e m om en t o f h is 'q u it tin g th em , m ig h t as q u ic k ly as p olfih le -he
'laid b e fo r e adminifrration.
T h e g o v e rnm en t o f the c o lo n y n o w d e v o lv e d , b y his M a je f ty ’ s
letters p a te n t u n d e r th e 'great 'heal -o f '.Great B r ita in , u p o n th e -lieu»
te n a n t-g o v e rn o r . T h is dffice w a s f ille d b y th e m a jo r -com m an d an t o f
th e N e w S o u th 'Wales co rp s , F ra n c is G r o f c , E fq . w h o ar riv ed in F e b
r u a r y la f t in th e P itt trarifport. A t h is ta k in g n p a n ih im fe lf th e g o v
e rnm en t , o n w h ic h occa-fion th e u fu a l oaths w e r e adm iiiillc red b y th e
ju d g e -ad v o c a te , h e 'g a v e -o u t th e fo l lo w in g Drder, re g u la tin g th e m od e
o f c a r r y in g o n 'th e .d u ty a t 'P a r ram a tta :
“ A l l orders g i v e n b y th e captain w h o com m and s at Parramatta,
“ r e fp e d in g th e - c o n v id s R a tio n ed th e re , are to :bE o h e y e d ; and all
“ com plain ts o r reports th a t w o u ld be made t o th e lie u ten an t-g o v e rn o r
w h e n p re fen t, a r e in h is abfencE t o :be .communicated to ,captain F o -
v e a u x , o r ffu ch o th e r captain as .m a y be d o in g d u ty w ith - th e d e ta ch-
“ m en t.”
T h e alteration w h i c h th is ord er p ro d u c e d , co n fid e d in fu b ftitu tin g
th e m ilita r y f o r fh e c iv i l officer. B e fo r e th is p e r io d , all complaints
h ad be en in q u ir ed in t o b y th e c iv il iinagiftrate, w h o , in th e g o v e rn o r ’ s
ab fence from Pa r ram a tta , p u niflied fu ch flig h t offences .a s requ ired immed
iate .co gn izan c e , rep o r tin g to th e g o v e rn o r from t im e to tim e w h a te
v e r h e d id ; and all orders and d ire c tion s w h ic h reg a rd ed 'the c o n v id s ,
and all rep or ts w h ich w e r e mad e r e fp e d in g th em , w e n t th ro u g h h im .
T h e m ilita ry p ow e r h ad h ith e r to b e e n confid ered as requifite o n ly
fo r th e p ro te c tio n o f th e fto re s , and th e d iich a rg e o f fu ch duties as
be lon g ed
December.] IN N E W S O U T H W A L E S . 253
be lon g ed to th e ir p ro fe ffion , w i th o u t h a v in g a n y Ihare in the c iv il d i-
r e d io n o f th e c o l o n y * ; b u t as it was p rov id ed b y h is M a je f ty s com -
m iffion alre ad y fp o k en o f, that, in cafe o f th e d eath o r abfence b o th o f
th e g o v e rn o r and lieu ten an t-g ov e rn o r o f th e te r r ito r y , th e o fficer n e x t
in ra n k on fe r v ic e in the c o lo n y ffiould tak e u p on -himfelf and e x e r -
cife th e fu n d io n s o f th e g o v e rn o r , u n til fu ch tim e as in f t r u d io n s
fh o u ld be received from E n g la n d ; u n d e r th is id ea , th e lie u ten an t-
g o v e rn o r iffued the ab ov e ord er, p la c in g th e captain com m an d in g th e
d eta chment o f th e N e w S o u th W a le s corps at P a rram a tta , in th e
d ir e d io n o f th e c iv il duties o f th a t fettlem ent.
S im ila r regulation s to o k p lace at S y d n e y , w h e r e ¥ th e cap tain o f
“ th e d a y w a s d ir e d e d to rep or t to th e c om m an d in g officer all c o n -
“ v i d prifone r s , fla r in g b y w h om and on w h a t a c co u n t th e y m ig h t be
« confined ;” and this ord e r w a s in a few d a y s after en fo rced b y
an o th e r , w h ic h d ir e d e d “ th a t all in q u ir ie s b y th e c iv il magift-rate
“ w e re in fu tu re t o b e d ifpenfed w i th , until th e lie u ten an t -g o v e rn o r
1 had g iv en d ir e d io n s on t h e f u b j e d ; and the c e n v id a w e r e n o t o n
“ a n y a c coun t to b e p uniffied -but b y h is p a r ticu la r order.
A t S y d n e y , it had been u fua l fo r -the magiftrates to ta k e e x am in a tions
and m ake e n q u iry in to offences, e ith e r w e e k ly , o r as ocoafion
requ ired , and t o ord er fu c h p u n ifhm en t as th e y th o u g h t neceflhr-y,
a lw a y s rep o r tin g th e ir p roc e ed in g s t o th e c h ie f a u th o r ity .
"It m u ff b e n o ticed , that at this tim e th e c iv il magiftrates in th e
c o lo n y corififted o f the lie u ten an t-g o v e rn o r and th e ju d g e -ad v o c a te ,
w h o w e r e ju ft ic e s o f th e p eace b y v ir tu e o f th e i r - r e fp ed iv e c o a i -
m i'ffions; th e -Rev. M r . John i o n ; A u g u ftu s A k and R ic h a rd A t k
in s t , E fq u ire s , w h o h ad be en fw o rn -in as magiftrates b y a u th o r ity
o f the g o v e rn o r . . . . , , , . ,
A s no in con v en ien ce h ad e v e r b e en e xp e r ien c ed in th e mod e w h ic h
w a s p r a d ife d o f c o n d u d in g th e b u fin e fs o f th e fe ttlem en t, th e n e c e f-
f i t y o r caufe o f thefe alterations w a s n o t d i r e d ly -obvious, and co u ld
n o t be accounted fo r from a n y o th e r m o t iv e th a n th a t p re fe ren ce w h ic h
» The commanding officer of the corps or regiment ferving in the territory excepted,
vdio held likewife thp.civil appointment of lieutenant-governor. _ t , , „ 1
+ This gentleman had been appointed regiftrar of the court of yice-adm.ralty by t o -
vernor Phillip.