th e lofs e v en o f on e m an ’ s la b o u r w a s at th is time an objedt o f con -
feq u en c e .
A s m an y la b o u r in g p e o p le as cou ld be g o t to ge th e r w e r e em p lo y ed
d u r in g th e m on th in r e c e iv in g fu ch articles as h ad been b ro u g h t in the
k in g ’ s fh ip s fo r the c o lo n y .
T h e w e a th e r d u r in g th e m on th w a s v e r y v a r ia b le ; and three w o m
en and tw o m en died. O f thefe one w a s m u ch reg re tted , as his lofs
w o u ld be fe v e r e ly f e l t ; th is w a s M r . J. I r v in g , w h o , d y in g b efore the
g o v e rn o r a r r iv ed , k n ew n o t th a t h e h ad been ap p ointed an affiftant to
th e fu rg e o n s w i th a fa la ry o f f if ty p ou n d s p e r annum.
O d to b e r .] T h e p o lice and c iv il duties o f th e to w n and d iftridt o f
S y d n e y w e r e n ow regulated b y c iv il magiftrates. A t Parramatta,
L ie u ten an t M 'A r th u r continued to c a r r y bn th e duties to w h ic h h e had
be en ap p ointed b y L ie u ten an t -g o v e rn o r G r o fe , th e p u b lic 'fe r v ic e at
th a t p lace re q u ir in g th e infpedtion and fu p erintend ance o f an officer.
O n S u n d a y th e 4 th o f this m on th th e Y o u n g W il liam , th e fto re ihip
w h o fe un a v o id ab le d e la y in h e r fa ilin g w e had regre tted o n th e ar riv al
o f th e g o v e rn o r w ith o u t h e r , an ch ored fafe in th e co v e from E n g lan d ,
after a flio r t p affa ge o f fo u r months and n in e d a y s , w i th a ca rgo b f
p ro v ifio n s o n ly . S h e failed from Sp ith ead in c om p a n y w i th the S o v
e r e ig n , an o th e r fto re ih ip , on the 2 5 th o f M a y , ta k in g h e r rou te b y
th e w a y o f R io de J an e iro , w h e r e {he an ch ored on th e 12 th o f J u ly ,
le a v in g it on th e 2 1 f t o f th e fame m on th ; and m e e tin g w ith v e r y bad
w e a th e r n e a r ly th e w h o le o f th e v o y a g e , {he {hipped grea t quantities
o f w a t e r ; an d , b e in g v e r y d e ep ly laden, th e v e ffe l w a s con fid e ra b ly
Qrained.
B y letters re c e ived from this Chip w e learned, th a t fom e p rom o tion s
h ad tak en p lace in th e N ew S o u th W a le s corps. C ap tain N ich ola s
N ep e an had obtained th e com m iffion o f fecond m a jo r ; L ie u ten an t
J o h n M ‘A r th u r had fucceeded to h is c om p a n y ; L ie u ten an t Joh n
T o w n fo n h ad g o t th e com p a n y late b e lo n g in g to C aptain H i l l ; and
E n fig n s C lep h an and P ip e r w e r e made lieu ten an ts , all w i th o u t p u r -
cha fe. Me flrs . K e n t and B e l l, th e n a v al ag ents, w h o le ft this c o u n t ry
in th e B r itan nia i n ' Sep tem be r 1 7 9 4 , a r r iv ed fa fe ly in E n g lan d in
M a r c h laft.
In cou fequ en c e o f th is ar riv al the g o v e rn o r h ad it in his p ow e r to
iflue a better, th o u g h no t fo ample a ra tion o f p ro v ifio n s as he cou ld
h a v e defired. T h e fu p p ly had no t been fu ffic ien t to a llow h im to
o rd e r m ore th an fo u r p oun d s ten ounces and tw o thirds o f an oun ce
o f b e e f, o r tw o pound s ten ounces and tw o th irds o f an o u n ce o f
p o rk , and fo u r pounds o f flour, to the convid ts. T h e fame q u a n tity
o f fait meat was ordered fo r th e m ilita ry ; b u t th e y re c e iv e d tw o
pound s o f flou r more th an th e p rifoners. T h e o th e r parts o f th e
w e e k ly ra tion rem ained n e a r ly th e fame as b e fo re , e x c e p t th e ar tic le
o f fu g a r , th e conv id ts r e c e iv in g f ix ounces inftead o f o n e p ou n d and
a h a l f o f th a t article, .
T h e rep or t o f th e g en e ra l m u fte r w h ic h w a s ordered in th e la ft
m on th h a v in g be en la id b e fo re th e g o v e rn o r , h e th o u g h t p ro p e r to
m ak e fome regulation s in the affiftance afforded b y g o v e rnm en t to fe t-
tlers and others h o ld in g grants o f land. T o th e officers w h o o c cu p ied
g ro u n d s w a s con tin u ed the n um b e r o f m en a llow ed th em b y L ie u ten
an t-g o v e rn o r G r o fe j v iz . ten fo r ag r icu ltu re , and th re e fo r d om e ftic
purpofes. N o tw ith fta n d in g this fa r ex ce ed ed th e n um b e r w h ic h h ad
at home been th o u g h t n e ce ffa ry , th e g o v e rn o r did n o t co n c e iv e th is to
be the moment' fo r red u c in g i t , m u ch as h e w an ted men.. A w h e a t
harveffi w a s a p p r o a c h in g ; g ro u n d w a s p lan t in g w i th In d ian co rn ; n o t
a man w a s u n e m p l o y e d b u t b e faw and e x p la in e d th a t a red u c tio n
m u ft tak e p l a c e t h a t g o v e rnm en t cou ld n o t be fup po fed m u ch lo n g e r
to fe ed , m ain tain , and clo th e th e hands th a t w r o u g h t th e g ro u n d , and
at th e lame time p a y fo r th e p rod u c e o f th e ir lab our, p a r ticu la r ly
w h e n e v e r y p u b lic w o r k w a s lik e ly to ftand ftill fo r w a n t o f labourers.
H e was fen fib le that th e affiftance w h ic h h ad been g iv e n had no t been
th row n aw a y , and th a t the fmall n um b e r a llow ed b y g o v e rnm en t
could n e v e r h a v e p rod uced fu ch rap id ap p roaches tow a rd that in d e pendence
w h ic h h e th o u g h t, from w h a t h e h ad a lre ad y feen o f the
cu ltiv ation o f th e c o u n t r y , w a s n o w m u ch n e a re r than at his le a v in g
it in 1 7 9 1 h e cou ld h a v e co n c e iv ed to b e p o ffib le - T o the fe t t le r s *
w h o ar rived in the Su rp r ife he allow ed fiv e male co n v id ts ; to the
fuperintendants, conftables, and fto re -k e ep e rs , fo u r ; to fettlers from-
* Meflrs. Bofton, Pearce, and Ellis,.