national appellation is- Namollos: by the Tschuktschi, as
it appears, they are termed “ Onkiloqit meaning People
of the Sea.
:< The Namollos were first described by the Russian lieutenant
Koschelew, who mentioned two tribes* one at the
promontory of Tschukotskoi Nos, the other on the coast
at the mouth of the Anadyr. The language of, these
Namollos differs from that of the Tschuktschi and resembles
the dialect of the Aleutian islanders of Kodiak and
the general idiom of the tr|b#;;belon|^ftg to the ^aee of
the Esquimaux’. The Namollos are evidently a tribe of
Esquimaux, and probably came originally from the American
continent. If we suppose that the course, of migration
was from the extremity of Asia to the New World,
which "is very probably true if we refer to thé, first ages
and to the primitive dispersion of the American race, still
the small and insignificant horde now inhabiting^the extremity
of the Asiatic coast can hardly be regarded us -the,
original stock of the great and widely-dispersed race of
the Esquimaux. { According, however, to the traditions
collected in the country by Admiral voUr? Wrangell, the
Onkilou or Namollos formerly reached much further on
the coast of Asia than their present 'abodevv They-^are said
to have occupied -all the coast from lake Sehelagskoi* east->
ward to BehringV Straits. It is the land :of the
Tschuktschi, that they were driven out by that people, and
retired to a country to the northward, the mountains of
which are sometimes seen from Cape Jakan.
Some further particulars relating to the history, of >the
Tschuktschi and the Namollos have been given by the
Russian Captain Lutké. According to this writer, the
proper appellation of the people termed by the Russians
Tschuktschi is Tscha-uk-thu: they are, as he says, a nomadic
race, whereas the Namollos are a settled, fishing
tribe* resembling the Esquimaux in manners. They are
probably a tribe of the race inhabiting the Aleutian or Fox
Islands, and understand the dialect of the natives of Kodiak.
The Tschu-ük-thü inhabit the northern part of the
great north-eastern peninsula of Asia, of which Kamtschatka
is a southern prolongation or promontory. The
river Anadyr, which flows from west to east and falls into
the Gulph of Anadyr, is said to be their southern boundary.
The Koriaks are divided from the Tschuktschi, if the two
nations are really distinguishable, by the same river. They
inhabit the:country on the higheivcourse of the Kolyma,
the Omolon, and the Anadyr, and reach southward to the
mountains of the „Eamuti Tungusians;- The Tschuktschi
now extend westward scarcely further than Cape Schel-
agskoi: they formerly reached*.-as we have seen, beyond,
that is* to the westward of the Kolyma.
. We are assured;hy*'Gaptain Eufcké, that there is a great
difierencetHi^|tstature^betweèn the1 Tscha-uk-thu and the
Naniollosv Thé Namollos^are almoft all, like^other Esquimaux*
below the middle. stature. Among the Tscha-
ük-th$ the .majority arenas he says, above the middle
stature, ancf oomfe are real giants.; Both races have flat
faces, with projecting* eheek*lx>nes, eyes- small without
being compressed, hut almost always in a straight line,
thereby" differing from the neighbouring Asiatic races;
their eye-brows are high. The Tscliu-fik-thu differ from the
Namollos'.in having a more oval outline of, countenance,
so that the projection of the cheek-hones is not so striking'
as among the Namollos, whose faces are more rounded and
sometimes have the: corners of the eyes raised towards the
temples. The portraits made by Mr. Bostels describe well
their national character. The figure of the nomadic or
rein-deer* Tschuktsehi is proud aud independent. ;They
appear corpulent; this is owing to their dress. Among the
Namollos the Mongolian form of their features is most
remarkable in the women and children. The former have,
without exception, a flat face with, no'ses scarcely visible.
The young girls are pretty: the Kalmuk form of. their
face is palliated by fatness and freshness of complexion,
hut the exterior of the old is always repulsive by wrinkles,
pendent lips, and eyes full of “ rheum.” - •-
The Tschuktschi are dressed with articles manufactured
for their use by the Russians at Kolyma The men cut
their hair round, and on the vertex, leaving a circle of