414 HISTORY OF ORE AT TART ARY.
an attentive examination of thé vocabularies of mixed
nations$te-That iff spite 1 of the many extraneous circum-
stances which may hè taken-into' the account;: the number,
of words derived from each particular. source is generally
to the sum total of words in any-mixed language as the
numberof individuals belonging to each race at the period of
their mixture was to the aggregate numbers of the mixed
population.* But the same writer has Observed, that an
examination of the Turkish dialects spoken at Kasan, Astrakan,’
in the Krimea, in the country to the eastward of thé
Caspian, and wherever nominally Mongolian dynasties were
established on the ruins of the empire of Tschjngghis, affords
a convincing proof that the Turkish race can scarcely be
regarded as mixed with Mongolian blood. The same observation
may be applied to the vast nomadic hordes of the
Nogay, the Turkomans, and the Kirghises.:
We shall advert separately to some of these bâtions in
order to determine how far they bear out the general tMïfê*
elusion of Abel-Rémusat, and at the same time to collect
from the facts which occur some ulterior conclusions.
In the West the first Turkish nation that offers ijtself,
and that removed at the greatest distance from the Mongolians,
are the Nogays, whose dwelling places and pastures
are the plains lying to the northward of the Euxine from
the mouth of the Danube eastward. - Adelung^Æ[Iap^ii|ÿ
and other writers, have remarked, thaÇthe idiom of the
Nogays .is scarcely mixed with words of a foreign origin,
and from more recent collections containing specimens of
their language, by the Swiss traveller Sehlatterp|t appears
that the Nogay Tartar, so termed, is a pure Turkish dialect.f
Any intermixture of this people with Mongolians seems
therefore to be disproved. Yet ihe Nogays, as Dr. Schott
has observed, are noted “ for broad faces, flat noses, pro-
* Ç’est-là une régie dè statistique dont on pouvoit faire l’application au
Français, à l’Anglais, ét aux autres idiomes.formés par la réunion de plusieurs
langues primitivement differentes, et sur l’origine desquels l’histoire nous
fournit des notions positives et des renseignements circonstanciés.
t S. Schlatter’s Bruchstücke aus cinigen Reisen hach den sadlichen Rass-
land, s. 1 1 6 .-Schott, Yersuch iifrer die Tatarishen Sprachen, a. 5.
PHYSICAL CHARACTERS. 415
fleting '©Heek-bones, and long narrow orbits of the eyes f
-in short, for-a true Mongolian physiognomy.
In a d^yeceding section I have cited some descriptions of
the Nogay Tartars given by eye-witnesses, who describe
them as strongly resembling the Mongolians and even the
#óm^é-fiappea>v t o***. 1*^* ?** iMoru.h * f
The nomadic tribes1 of Turks who inhabit Mawera 1-nahar
and all the country^ttweenUSie .Caspian and the Bolor
Mountains are either Turkomans, who are the.oldest Turkish
-tribe in that part-of Asia,/.or Uzbeks, the people who in-
vaded^the Turkomansffrom the north, and are;said to have
\dpYen them aorossUhe Oxusyandmltima^ely irtto the empire
.of Persia. Both these nations havé been described
from the accounts given by recent travellers. ,The Uzbeks
are said to, have br.oad faces, with a truly Tartar, physiognomy.;
and the Turkomans g g have the .genuine Mon-
Tgolian features, and to resemble, in almost every particular,
the* Kalmüks. It musUMjl? observed that the Turkomans
mot only- inhabit a vast region, to the 'east of the Caspian,
but that they likewise reach over a, great part of Asia Minor
and „ stretch thence into Bokharia. They are a yery nur
merous people and are divided into variousbordes. Many
of these hordes, as we have-already shown, display, strongly
the features characteristic of the Kalmyks and Mongoles.
Yet the dialect of the Turkomans is ,a pure Turkish, and
we might look in-vain for any proof of their descent from
a Mongolian ancestry.
Similar accounts are given by travellers among the Turkish
tribes-of Eastern Turkistan. .
M. Abel-Rémusat bas indeed , cited a .passage from the
celebrated Chinese historian Ma-tuanlin, in which it is
stated that the inhabitants of the high-lauds of Turkistan,
to the westward of Tffrfan, had “ deep eyes and projecting
noses.” He infers that they had Caucasian features, so
termed, and not Mongolian. This notice comes from the
fifth century after the Christian era. The observation, as
Dr. Schott observes, .merits attention, hut a different evidence
is deducible from a Chinese work, published „in 1778,
entitled | Si-yii-wen-kian-lp/’ containing a description of