Mongolian, zai space, room Turkish, Jai4maq (to extend).
; , zacha border'. Jaqa-
„ zali j flame, cunninggg1 j fling (flame)^
[ jalan (deceit).
" zekii-kii to draw juk (a* burden). ' ”
- dschimesz - barley jemisch.
„ zol-gha-cho to meet jol (a way)..
Examples of the same interchange in other- T uranian
languages:—
Mandschu, dsche-me to eat Turkish, je-mek.
„ dschulergi before II jileru or ilertt (ilergu).
„ _dschaman' quarrel' ; jaman (bad).
„ tschala-mo to err n jalan (false).
,, - botscho colour ■ a;- boja.
Hungarian, szel wind ) • ir B jeLr.;
MandschU, dschuchc iqp. . | i saghouq, sawouq (cold).
Finnish,
By a similar comparison Dr,, Schott has shcfwh that although
the numerals differ considerably in all these Iangnages,
a sufficient analogy is discoverable between them
to indicate an ancient, though now obscure, relation.. '
On comparing the phenomena traced in the »'preceding
pages, it appears unquestionably, to result that an extensive
analogy of structure prevails through ithe' four principal
groupeS of languages compared, I mean the dialects belonging
to the Turkish, the Mongolian, the Tungusian,
and the Finnish or Einno-Ugorian families tengnages,
but I refer more particularly to the three former. They
are all formed according; to the same general laws. In the
simplicity of their structure, and the want of real, inflections,
of which the place is supplied by juxta-p'osition of
particles, they approach in some degree to the character
of the monosyllabic idioms spoken by nations who inhabit
a contiguous region of the earth. They form a distinct
class of languages, both from the Semitic, which inflects
dissyllabic roots by internal variations and abounds in prepositions,
and from the Indo-European idioms, which make
so extensive an use both of inflection and composition. The
languages of the families of nations last mentioned display
thesinfluettfee^f that: active fancy which peopled the universe
with' sentiehlfebulS, and ascribed life to all the ob-
ijlifetsoof nature. Groves and fountains, rivers and trees,
evemstechs. and s^h^S', are in all their idioms either male
or femalJ|ffi But . the - rude inhabitant of cold and arid
steppes, .rendered dull and phlegmatic by the monotonous
aspect- of nature'and the; changeless manner of his existence,
gave to pl% to his imagination y l he affixed different
terms to his bul'H cows, higher sesy.and mares, and to creatures
of whijHhe made different «see, but all other objects
were to him'^of o i i 'sex; he never compared inanimate
with'living things';/ I i - o ^ e ^ ^ p p o s s i b i e to explain
the common construction-the Tartar nations by reference
to physical o r ^ eA l agencies they display one type and
method of formation; all qubplns on this point seeln to
he sileheedSby the discovery of^SO . many particular grammatical
foriRs as-we have traced through them, by the
almost samenes&'of their pronouns and verbs substantive,
and of many particles’; • If we go still further back and ox-
amine the very structure of words, we find the inference
confirmed; the law of harmonic .vowels shows that the
investors «bf words themselves' had their attention directed
to one principle, or were governed' by a similar habit.
Even the .idiom or style ip the composition of sentences
displays remarkable analogies, and this was ^ i^ ^ fact
which struck the -attention of Scherer, and perhaps first
r suggested a further, examination. Lastly, in the vocabulary
itself, or the material of the several languages, there is a
considerable extent of analogy ; perhaps this would be
thought of itself scarcely sufficient to lead us further than
it led Klaproth and A l|#R 6musat, namely, to the opinion,
that frequent and ancient'intercourse between the Mongolian,
Tungusian, and Tartar tribes occasioned the adoption
by each of common terms from the vocabulary of
others. But such intercourse could only have produced
an effect similar to that which the mixture of Normans
and. Saxons has effected in our own dialect; the adopted
words would be distinguishable as entirely foreign; they
would not be found naturalised by such interchanges of
particular elements of articulation as we have traced.