to have been usual with the ancients, more particularly in time of
war *. We had no opportunities of ascertaining whether any other
remains of a cothon are to be seen between the points A and B;
where the ■ffl’kat (keelai, or cornua), the claws, or horns (as they wefe
called) of the harbour, would be looked for if any such had formerly
existed. Remains of a wall running round the small port within the
town, (on the eastern side of point B), and which we may call the
eastern harbour, are still visible; and a strong fort yet remains on
either side of it, at the eastern and western extremity of the wall,
which appeas to have been often the case ■]■.
The Pharos, or light-house, if any such existed, was probably
erected on the high ground on point B, in the neighbourhood of the
fort at its eastern extremity, and columns and other fragments of
building, at the back of the western port, point out the places of
those structures usually erected by the ancients near their harbours,
for the accommodation of the merchants and sailors: here also
are the remains of a bridge which was formerly thrown across the
ravine, running down to the wall of this port.
We have already said that traces of the city-wall are observable
between the quarry which contains the amphitheatre and the gateway;
and a portion of it may also be remarked extending from the
latter to the mountains at the back of the town; where they are connected
with other parts of it running along the foot of the range to
the inner bank of the eastern ravine. There again decided remains
* See account of ports and harbours, (p. 21). *t Ibid.
of the wall may be traced running parallel with the same ravine; and
which, passing near the bridge represented in plate (p. 363,) continue
towards the sea as far as the remains of the second bridge which we
have already mentioned. Beyond this we could perceive no more
traces of the wall ¡ although it seems more than probable that it extended
on this side to the beach, (as we find it to have done on the
opposite side to the westward,) and that it passed along parallel with
the sea, till-it joined the portions connecting the two forts of the
eastern harbour, which we have already observed to be remaining.
We could not discover any traces of a gateway in the eastern wall of
the city ; but it is probable that there was formerly one on this side
also, leading to the upper bridge, where some very strong works are
still extant, in the form of a curve, as will appear by a reference to
the plan.
I t is difficult to say how these works were connected with the
remains of the wall between them and the mountains; and had our
time allowed it, we should have excavated about them for the purpose
of discovering the connection.
We may reckon that the walls of Ptolemeta, when entire, inclosed
a quadrangle of eighteen thousand English feet in circuit; and the
line of wall which may be traced from the existing remains covers
a space of at least thirteen thousand. A line drawn through the
centre of the city, from north to south, would be about four thousand
eight hundred feet in length; and that which should be drawn
across it from east to west, about four thousand four hundred. The
whole circuit of the city would thus be somewhat less than three
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