bells are found now on the Congo. There are some
in the British Museum, and also in the Geographical
Society’s Museum at Lisbon, which came from San
Salvador, on the Congo, and are called Chingongo,
whereas amongst the present race inhabiting Mashona-
land the knowledge of this bell does not exist, nor
IR O N B E L L
did it presumably exist in Dos Santos’ days, who
enumerates all the Kaffir instruments which he saw ;
and he would assuredly have mentioned these bells had
they existed there in his days 800 years ago. We must,
therefore, conclude that either these bells are ancient,
and were used by the old inhabitants of these ruins, the
traditional form of which has been continued amongst
the negroes of the Congo, or that some northern race
closely allied to the Congo races swept over this country
at some time or another, and have left this trace of
h a l f o f a n i r o n b e l l B R O N Z E
S P E A R -H E A D
their occupation. The barbed bronze spear-head we
found under a mass of fallen rock close to the entrance
to the fortress. This again finds a parallel in weapons
which come from much farther north I in Nubia,7 thoug<Dh
its execution is finer than any of that class which has