EAST CAUCASIAN TUR.
Capra caucasica, Keyserling and Blasius, Wirbelth. Europ. p. 28 (1840) ;
Blasius, Säugeth. Deutschlands, p. 479 (1857); ' ? . L. Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1886, p. 3 15 , nec Pallas, 1783.
Ovis pallasi, Reichenbach, Naturgeschichte Wiederkäuer, pi. xlix.
(1846).
/Egoceros caucasica, Gray, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 148 (1852), nec
Capra caucasica, Pallas, 1783.
Capra pallasi, Radde, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1887, p. 553 ; Ward, Records o f
Big Game, p. 235 (1896).
Capra cylindricornis, Büchner, Mém. Xcad. St. Pétersbóurg, vol. xxxv.
No. 8, p. 21 (1887) > Menzbier, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1887, P- 618 ; Satunin,
Zool. Ja h rb . Syst. vol. ix. p. 3 12 (1896) ; Ward, Records o f Big Game,
p. 235 (1896).
Plate X X .
Characters.— Build heavy and clumsy, with the head rather short and
blunt; height at shoulder about 38 inches; horns large and massive,
widely separated at the base, nearly cylindrical in section, with more or less
indistinct transverse ribs, but no knots ; their direction at first outwards
and slightly upwards, and then backwards, downwards, and inwards.
Beard confined to the chin ; in the form of a short, broad fringe, curling
distinctly forwards. Pelage (Pin winter) moderately long and thick; its
general colour uniform dull brown, except on the chin, the tip of the tail,
the front and inner sides of the hind-legs, and the front of the fore-legs
below the knees, which are blackish-brown or black ; no white on
the legs. Beard similar in colour to the rest of the pelage ; horns dark
blackish-olive.
Although typical specimens of the present species are so widely different
from the next, there has been an extraordinary amount of confusion between
the two animals ; and certain specimens of horns occur which are in some