A B I E S DOUGLASI I.
RED FIR of the Settlers in Oregon.
IDENTIFICATION.—PIN US TAXIFOLIA, Lambert, Genus Pinus, i. p. 58 (1803); Pursh, Flor. Amer. Septenlr., ii. p. 640(1814).
PINUS DOUGLASII, Lambert, Genus Pinus, ed. 2, iii, p. 163 (1837); Antoine, Com/., p. 84 (1840-1846); Hooker, Floy.
hor. Amer., ii. p. 162 (1830); Endlicher, Syn. Conif., p. 87 (1847),
ABIES DOUGLASII, Lindley, Penny Cyclop., i. p. 32 (1833); Loudon, Arboretum, iv. p. 2319 (1838); Forbes, Pinct.
Woburn., p. 127 (1S39); Loudon, Emycl. 0/Trees, p. 1033 (1842); Spach., Hist. Veg. P/ian., xi. p. 423 (1842); Lindley and
Gordon, Journ. Horl. Soc., v. p. 209(1850); Knight,^«. Conif., p. 37 (1850); Newberry, in U. S. Pacif. Rail. Pep.,
vi. (Report on Botany), p. 56 (1857); Gordon, Pinetum, p. 15 (1858), and Supplement, p. 10 (1862); Hcnkel and
Hochstetter, Synop. d. Madelholzen, p. 155 (1865); Parlatore in De Candolte's Prodromus, xvi. ii., p. 430 (1868); Hoope's
Book of Evergreens, p. 189 (1868).
ENGRAVINGS.—Leaves, Cones, &c.—Lambert, Genus Pinus, ed. 2, i. t. 36; and iii. t 72; Lindley, in Penny Cyclop., p. 32; Antoine (lac. eit.), t. 33,
fig. 3; Hook. (loe. eit.), t. 1S3; Loudon, Arboretum, iv„ fig. 2230; Loudon, Encycl., fig. 1932; Forbes, Pinct Woburn, 1. 45,
Newberry (loe eit), fig. 20.
Trees.—Newberry (loe. eit.), pi. 8.
Specific Character.—Abies grandis foliis subdistichis obtusis basi tortis, strobilis cylindricis ovatis
squamis obovatis integris, bracteis exsertis squamis longitudine equantibus vel superantibus linearibus bilobis,
nervo in cuspidem lobis longiorem producto.
Habitat in Columbia Britannica, Oregon, et California.
A magnificent tree, reaching upwards of 200 or even 300 feet in height. The bark of the young shoots
is light reddish brown, and rather resinous; that of the older shoots is ashy grey. In aged trees it acquires
a thickness of as much as 6 inches, and is deeply furrowed. The buds [fig. 1] are small, conico-oval, and
surrounded with long scales, which are persistent, and
continue for some years to form a ruff or collar at the
base of each year's shoot, as seen in fig. 2. The scales
of the bud are especially prominent objects in autumn,
from their large size and rich bright burnt-sienna colour;
and there is a thickening of the branch just beneath
them [fig. 3]. The branchlets are slender, generally
without any, sometimes with very slight, pubescence.
The scars or pulvini are absent in the young shoots,
and even in the older shoots are usually scarcely perceptible,
but are of the character of those of the sub-genus Tsuga (Hemlock Spruce), a transversely oval
or roundish scar above a slight, nearly straight, longitudinal thickening [fig. 4]. The leaves are about an
inch in length [fig. 5], flat, narrow, linear, obtuse at the apex, entire on the margin, twisted at the base,
with a faint furrow (often absent in the young leaves) in the middle of the upper, and a keel on the middle
of the lower side; without stomata on the upper face [fig. 6], and with from six to eight rows on each side
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