or even uninjured. The counties with gardens having a clean bill of health (reported " not injured")
were Hants, Sussex, Kent, Surrey, Middlesex, York, Edinburgh, Kincardine, and Cork.
Many of the trees killed were from 20 to 30 feet in height, and of all sizes downwards. Sometimes
every plant was killed off, at others all but one or two, and in many cases they were killed down to the
snow-line. At Eastnor Castle, in Herefordshire, it was observed that in the lower part of the grounds
those at 300 to 350 feet above the sea were killed, while on the high ground, 350 to 600 feet above the
sea, they were only slightly injured. In one instance, after the injured tree had been cut level with the
«•round, it sprang again from the stool, and is now making progress.
The havoc was so great in 1860-61 that very few good-sized trees remain. The best we have a note
of are the following; and as the number is small, we must take a low standard. We shall take about 15
feet in height:—
A6C 1 ' AgC'
^ ,,„CC. s S o r | PHA HELGL«. 1 ^PROUBLC"'
Sussex . Dale Park 36 1 40 Kent .... Red Leaf. 20 12
Devon Bicton 35 30 1 Berks .... Windsor Castle .... l8 1 20
Cornwall Bownnoe 3 ° 12 I Devon .... 1 Watcombe 18 10
Gloucester . Higham Court ... 3 ° ! Hants Longwood 18 1 20
Denbigh 1 Coed Coch 26 20 j Cork Castle Martyr 18 j 7 1
Isle of Wight Osborne 24 18 Waterford .... Lismore Castle .... 17 18
Bedford Wobum I 20 Perth .... 1 Keir •5 '5
But we cannot even vouch that all the above trees are still in being. Last year the list was somewhat
larger, but we have had to strike out some of our best specimens, in consequence of their having fallen
victims to the severity of the winter of 1866-67. The Vignette at the end of this paper represents one of
these, copied from a photograph. It grew in Mrs Mangles' garden at Sunningdale, near Sunninghill,
Berkshire, and was 32 feet in height. The last severe winter killed it, and it has since been cut down,
when twenty-eight rings were counted on the stem, shewing that it had been planted in 1839 or 1840.
Commercial Statistics.—In 1850 the price of 2-year old seedlings was 30s. per 100; plants, in pots,
4 to 6 inches, 6s.; 9 to 12 inches, 15s.; and 18 to 24 inches, 30s. per dozen. In 1855, plants 12 inches
high, 6d.; 2 feet, 3s.; and 3' to 4 feet, 4s. to 7s. 6d. each. In i860, plants 18 to 24 inches, is. 6d., and
4 to 8 feet, 7s. 6d. to 21s. each; seed, 7s. 6d. per oz. In 1867, plants 6 to 12 inches, is. 6d., and 12 to 15
inches, 2s. 6d. to 3s. 6d. each; seed, 3s. 6d. per oz.
T A X O D I U M D I S T I C H UM.
DECIDUOUS C\TRESS, BALD CYPRESS, BLACK CYPRESS, WHITE CYPRESS, AND SWAMP CEDAR OF THE UNITED STATES.
SABINO or THE MEXICANS.
IDENTIFICATION.—CUPRESSUS VIRGINIANA TRADESCANTI, Ray, Hist. Plant., ii. p. 408 (1688).
CUPRESSUS VIRGINIANA, FOLIIS ACACI.-E DECIDUIS, Commelyn, Hortus Amstel., i. p. 113(1697).
CUPRESSUS VIRGINIANA, FOLIIS ACACI^E CORNIGER/F. PARIBUS ET DECIDUIS, Plunket, Almag.,
i. p. 125 (1700).
CUPRESSUS AMERICANA, Catesby, Carolin., i. p. 1 1 (1731).
CUPRESSUS DISTICHA, Linn., Spec. Plant., p. 1422(1753); Lamark, Did., ii. p. 244(1786); Dcsfont., Hist. Arbr., ii.
p. 567(1809); Schk., Botanische Handbuch, iii. p. 28S ( ); Michaux, Arb. Forest., iii. p. 4 (1813); Pursh., Flor.
Bor. Am., ii. p. 645 (1814); Nuttal, Gen. Amer., ii. p. 224 (iSiS); De Chambray, Traité Prat. Arb. Rés. Conif.,
p. 349 (1S45).
SCHUBERTIA DISTICHA, Mirbel, in Mem. Mus., xiii. p. 75 (1825); Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. P/tancr., xi. p. 349 (exclus.
v. ß) (.842).
TAXODIUM DISTICHUM, Loisel., Nonv. Duham., iii. p. 8 (1801-19); Lambert, Genus Pinns, ed. 1, ii. p. 26
(1803); Richard, in Ann. Mus., xvi. p. 29S (1S10); Humb., Bonpl., and Kuntil, Nov. Gen. et Spec., ii. p. 4 (1817);
Richard, Conif., p. 52 (1826); ed. 1, ii. p. 116 (182S); Hrongn., in Anna!. Sc. Nat., 1, scr. 30, p. 182 (1S38);
Loudon, Arbor. Brit., iv. p. 2480 (1838); Forbes, Pinet. Woburn., p. 177(1839); Loudon, Encycl. of Trees, p. 1077
(1842); Endlicher, Syn. Conif, p. 66 (1847); Lindley and Gordon, Journ. Hort. Soc., v. p. 207 (1850); Carrière,
Traité Gén. des Conif, p. 144 ('855); Morren, in Belg. Hort., vi. p. 74 (1856); Gordon, Pi,uturn, p. 305 (1858);
Carrière, in Rev. Hort., viii. p. 62 (1859); Henkel and Hochstetten Synop. Nadelholzen, p. 258 (1865).
TAXODIUM MACROP1IYLLUM, Hrongn., in Annul. Se. Nat., 1, ser. 30, p. 182(1833); Endlicher, Sjm. Conif, p. 68
(1847); Lindley and Gordon, Journ. Hort. Soc., v. p. 207 (1850).
TAXODIUM ASCENDENS, Iirongn., in Anna!. Sc. Nat., 1, ser. 30. p. 182 (1S33); Endlicher, Syn. Conif.. p. 68 (1847);
Lindley and Gordon, Journ. Hort. Soc., v. p. 207 (1850).
ENGRAVINGS—Cones and Leaves.—Commelyn, op. tit., f. 59 ; Plunket, op. cit., t. 85, f. 6 ; Catesby, op. cit., t. 1 1 ; Michaux, op. tit., t. 1 ; Schk., op. tit.,
t. 310; Richard, Conif, t 10; Lambert, op. tit., ed. 2, t. 63; Forbes, op. tit., t. 60; Loudon, Arbor. Brit., iv. p. 2481,
f. 2335 and 2338 ; Loudon, Encycl. of Trees, p. 1077, f. 2005 and 2006 ; Carrière, Rev. Hort., viii. p. 64-65.
Trees.—Loudon, Arbor. Brit., iv. p. 2482, f. 2336 and 2337 ; Morren, Belg. Hort., vi. t.
Specific Character.—Taxodium ramis ramulisque patentibus, foliis linearibus distichis deciduis.
Habitat in partibus australibus America; alis et in Mexico borealc.
A large tree reaching from 80 and 90 to 100 or 120 feet in height, and with a stem from 20 to 40 feet
in circumference. Pyramidal in form when young, with slender tapering branchlets ; but when old, it has
a broad Cedar-like head, and its branches are characterized by abrupt angular bends or knees. When the
tree is mature, and especially when grown in water, it sends up conical or beehive-shaped knees from the
roots, often of 3 or 4 feet, or even more, in height, but neither in water nor in dry land rising more than a few
inches above the surface. Bark brown, but, as well as the timber, lighter in colour in those trees which grow in
the toter than in those growing in a drier soil. The bark of the conical root protuberances is redder than that of
the trunk. Branchlets slender. Buds minute, acutely ovate at both ends. Foliage pinnate, open, light, and
[ 30 ] B feathery.