IJ AXKALS OF THE BOTiL BOTANIC &ÍEDEK, CALCOITA,
1 he culms are exported in considerable qnantities to the plains, along with those
of other species, to make hooka-tubes, fishing rods, &e., and in the hills they are
used for basket w k . Tlus species is cultivated in Europe. It is recognized at ooce
f r om .1. by the absence of transverse veinlets, and from its neighbour
.1. by tho rather larger spikolets, loose inflorescence and generaUy narrower
Icaycs Ivees descr.bes tho stigmas as 3, Eupreeht says ' 2 to 3 ' , while Munro admits
ouly a I can only tind 2, but otherwise the identiflcation seems good. I think
' V : , whether the A . « . i of Dr. H. O l e g W s 'Notes on the vegetation
of the Sutlej Valley- m the Journal of the Agricnltnral and Hortieultnral Secicty
of India, vol. xm, p. 388, is this species. There is no description, and t h o ni
? I"""''' ™ li"' of synonyms, tho • hill bamboo, at
9,000 feet, used for wicker work and for lining the roofs of houses' is just as likely
to have been spathijora. ^
P l a t e No. W.-Arunima-rm falcat,, Nees. I, leaf-branch; 2, flowering branch-
3, rhizome and eulm; 5, leaf from end of strong young shoot-Mia,'«Z siz,: 4, culm-
. s h e a t h - « i . „ i 1; 6 & 7, spikelets; 8 & 9, empty glumes; 10, flowering glume; H
palea; 12, rudimentary flower on terminal rachilla; 1.3, lodieule; 14, anther - 15 ovary
and stigmas; 16, caryopsis; 17, transverse venation oi \ m i - m l u r s A (Nos 4 o from
my own collecting; rest from a specimen in the Herbai-ium of tho Botanic Gardens
Calcutta, bearing llunro's identification.)
PiATS No. 12.-VAH. sbm,rata. 1, loaf-branch; 2, part of flowering c n h n - . / ' „atuml
>,ze (from specimens collected by C. Bagshawe, Deputy Consei-vator of Forests, in 1879).
12. Aeukdixahia khasiasa, Munro in Tram. Linn. Soe. xxvi. 28.
A thick bushy s t a b . Culm, 8 to 12 ft. long, -o in. in diameter, smooth, dark
green or almost black; nodes promment; internodos 6 to 8 in. lono-- brauchlets
very many from the nodes, geniculate, dark-coloured, leaf- and flower-beiirino- culms
separate. Cnlm-shath papery, straw-coloui-ed, 8 to 9 in. long, by l-o to" 2 in
bi-oad at base, striate, smooth, upper part with transverse voinlets, upper half tanerine
gi-adually and concavely upwards to a narrow tip; imperfect Had, narrower than
apex of sheath, subulate, recm-vcd, 1 in. long; -2 to -3 in. long, subulate
dentate or lacerate. linear-lanceolato, 3 to 4 in. long by about -3 in broadattenuate
at the base into a short petiole; acuminate with a twisted setaceous
point; smooth on both sides, or sometimes sKghtly pubosccnt beneath; scabrous on
both edges; mam vein prominent, secondary veins 2 to 3 pairs, with no, or vcrv few
transverse veinlets, but many pellucid dots; -thin, striate, ending in a
minutely cfliate callus and slightly produced to meet the ligule; li,juk rathS- Ion.
on sepai-ate leafless culms, consisting of falcate, branching, geniculate
panic es, fascicled at the nodes and sabtendcd by membraneus, short, ovato bracts
Sp,Mds -4 to -0 m. long, bearing 2 empty glumes, and usually 2 to 3 flowers
with a terimnal free racUla or imperfect flower; rachis of spikolet clavate wlnte
h-airy above; 2, short, the lower 3-, the upper 5- to 7-nciwod, shortly
mueronate and cihate at tile tip and on tho margins below it; f„u,er„s „ Z
similar but longer and stiffor, sometimes minutely, scabrous-pubescent; p J a
than the flowering glume, 2.keeled, glabrous except the ciliate tip, acufe or bifif
INDIAN BAMBUSE^ ; ÜAMCXE, 15
1-iierved on either side of the keels. Lodicules 3, ovate, obtuse, or one "acute, fimbiiato, 3-
to 7-neivc-d, ncrres brown, Stamens exserted, filaments somewhat flattened, aniherii bliuit
at the ajoex. Ovanj. glabrous, elliptic, surmounted by a thickeiied stj/le at once
separating into two i)lumose siir/mas. Curyopsis not known.
Khasia Hills in Assam at about 5,000 to 6,000 ft. . Collected at Shillong by
Griffith (No. 1058); at Churra and; other• places by Hooker in 18o0 ; by Masters;
and by G. Maun in 1889. '
It is most difficult to separate this from A. falcata; but, as Munro remarks, it
has a different look, and it is a plant of a stiffer. and stronger general growth.
After examining a largo number of specimens of both species, I have come to the
conclusion that the whole of the Assam material belongs to this species and that
A. falcata is confined to the Western Himalaya. A. khasiana has a more dense and
inbricated panicle, shorter flowers and a hairy racliis to the spikclet; the character
of the hairs beneath the leaf given by Munro as .belonging, to .-¿i'. falcata does not
entirely hold good. It is known as Namlang in the Khasia Hills according to
Hooker aud G. Mann.
P l a t e No. • 13.—.¿Irii^ia'znaj-ia khasiana, Munro. 1, leaf-branch; 2, flowering branch;
3, leaf-sheath—««¿mtoJ sise; 4, culm-sheath—rerfziccc/ to 5, part of panicle; 0, spikelet;
7 & 8, empty glumes; 9, flowering glume; 10,- palea and imperfect flower; II, lodicules;
12, anther; 13, ovary and stigmas; 14, transverse venation of (All
from Griffith's specimens, except No. 4 which is from those of G. Mann.)
13. Arusdinaeia lis-TEEMEDiA, Mmro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 28.
A thin, caespitose, gregarious shrub. Culms smooth, greyish-green, 8 to 12 ft.
high, '4 to -5 in. in diameter; nodes swollen, with a prominent ring and a whitish
line below them; iuternodes 5 to 10 in. long, walls -1 to -2 in. thick; branches many
from the nodes. Ctilm-sheaths glabrous, papery, strongly striate, 8 to 10 in. long
by 1 to 2 in. broad at the base, tapering evenly in the upper thii^ to a truncate
tip -1 to -2 in. broad, -ciliate below the blade and produced beyond it to meet the
ligule; imperfect Hade narrow, subulate, -5 to 2 in. long, recurved; ligu-h up to -2 in.
long, blunt. Leaves bright green, very variable, from 8 in. long, and 1 in. broad
in young shoots to 3 to 4 in. long and -5 in. broad in the slender branchlets
from the nodes, lÍQeai--]anccolate to oblong-lanceolate; attenuate at the base, into
a short swollen petiole about '1 in, long; acmuinate above in a setaceous point;
scabrous above and on both margins, pale and smooth or hairy near the midrib
beneath; main vein prominent, shining beneath, secondary veins 3 to 7 on either
side; intei-mediate 6 to 7; transverse veinlets few, distant, with few pellucid glands
betweeii; leaf-shealks striate,. glabrous or with scattered long stiff hair.s above, ending in
a thickened minutely ciliate callus below the. petiole and produced at the side into
falcate auricles bordered with curving stifí deciduous bristles; ligule elongate, obtuse or
triangular. Inflorescence on leafless stems consisting of racemose panicles verticillate fi-om
the nodes and of .variable length, subtended by membranous bracts ; r a d ú s smooth, dark,
with small triangular bracts below and sometimes a tuft of hair- above at the' axils'
Spikelets -5 to 1 in. long, yellow or purplish, with 2 empty glumes, 3 to 5 flowers
and a termmal free rachilla or. imperfect flower; rachill® between the flowers clavate