AXKAIS OP THE EOTAL BOTASIC GAUDEN, CILCÜTTA.
i n t h e 1-ainy s e a , » a . Tho enlms are also lai-gejy nsed in m a t - m a t f a g , toi ths roofs
oi n a t o e W s , for fences, and for g a r d e n supports. It is known as M a l i n.
( I S e p a l e s o ) ; Plujmm, miknu (Lepclm); Phm,g, mkm (Bhntia). Thomson gives also a
b i f c k n n name, P „ , a m „ „ , , a n d Hooker the name Pai-Moo with specimens collected at
l a l l o o n g m E a s t e r n K e p a l at 10,000 ft. It is r a r e l y in flower, and ont of flower
IS d i f h a i l t to recogmzo, but the h a i r y sheaths, fimbriate sheath ligules, . a n d rouo-h
m t e r n o d e s m a y s e r v e to i d e n t i f y it. . = > o
I t grows to a c o m p a r a t i v e l y l a r g e size in t h e forests below Tonglo and ahoat
S e n c h a l m D a r j e e l i n g , but i„ these lower f o r e s t s it has a p p a r e n t l y never been coll
e c t e d 1.1 flower; for all t h e flowering b r a n c h e s seem to have oomo f r o m t h e more or less
s t u n t e d a l p m e f o r m f o u n d above 10,000 f e e t . The n a t i v e s d i s t i n g u i s h t h i s A l p i n e f o rm
u n d e r t h e names mituu and ml„a,, while the n a m e s phseum and fimn, are g i v e n t o the
l a r g e r lower-level form.
I n r e g a r d to the iKfferenee b e t w e e n theso two forms, Mr. G. A. G a m m i e in his
R e p o r t on his botanical tour of 1893 on the S i k k i m - T i b e t f r o n t i e r , s a y s - " I t is
" w h a t Mr. Gamble named A. Ommnkana f r o m specimens of the foKa»-e o n l y but
" h a v n n g shice examined flowers he has d i s c o v e r e d it to be A. racmo^a, Munro, a
p l a n t which, a l t h o u g h so a b u n d a n t round D a r j e e l i n g as to be almost exclusively
' u s e d as f o d d e r for poiaes, has n e v e r been known to flower there. The Phalut
" p l a n t , which differs so much in size and a p p e a r a n c e , h a v i n g r e d d i s h stems with
" a n average h e i g h t of 3 feet, may of course owe its d i m i n u t i o n to th e moi'G
" r i g o r o u s climate of h i g h e r levels p r e v e n t i o g its a t t a i n i n g to a normal g r o w t h ."
PLATE NO. B.—Arundinaria raccmosa, -Kv^mo. I, l e a f - b r a n c h ; 2, flowering branch ;
-3, c u l m — 0 / natural size; 4, c u l m - s h e a t h - a b o u t one-third; 5, spikelet ; Q
H o w e r i n g glume ; 7, p a l e a ; S, loclicules ; 9, locUeules w i t h a n t h e r s , s t y l e a n d stio-mas •
30, a n t h e r ; 11, ovary, style a n d s t i g m a s ; 12, caryopsis ; 13, t r a n s v e r s e T e n a t i o n of
l e a f ; 14, l e a f - s h e a t h of low level f o r m ; 15, l e a f - s h e a t h of high level iorm-enlarffed
(iVos. 1, 3, 4, lifrom my own specimens, the rest from those of Calcutta Garden collectors.)
9. ARUNDISARIA GKIPFITHIAKA, Mimro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 20.
All erect, g r e g a r i o u s , t h o r n y s h r u b . Calms 10 t o 3 0 ffc. h i g h , 1 t o 1-5 i n . i n d i a m e t er
o H v e - g r e e n ; nodes p r o m i n e n t , b e a r i n g a circle of conical s t o u t s h o r t s p i n e s ; i n t e r n o d es
7 to 9 in. long, s t r i a t e , f u r r o w e d , covered around the base of the node w i t h a rincr
of t a ^ T i y h a i r s . Culm-sheaths papery, s t r i a t e , l o n g e r t h a n t h e i n t e r n o d e s , 6 to 9 in. long"
.4 t o 0 in. b r o a d at b a s e where t h e y bear a belt of thick t a w n y soft h a i r s ; g r a d u a l ly
a n d somewhat c o n v e x l y a t t e n u a t e u p w a r d s t o a b r e a d t h of a b o u t -3 i n . , t h e aj^ex f u r n i s h ed
-with romicled auricles, back covered t h i n l y with s c a t t e r e d , stiff, b u l b o u s - b a s e d hairs
e d g e s c i l i a t e ; imperfect, blade -2 to 1 in. long, t r i a n g u l a r , acute, h a i i y ; liffuk short!
h a i r y , sHghtly c i h a t e . Leaves l i n e a r - l a n c e o l a t e , a c u m i n a t e , tiiin, 4 to 5 in. long, -4 to
•0 in. b r o a d , n a r r o w e d at t h e base i n t o a -2 in. short p e t i o l e ; t i p e n d i n g in a h.ng,
s e t a c e o u s , somewhat s c a b r o u s . p o i n t ; smooth above, pale b e n e a t h , m a r g i n s s m o o t h ; main
v e i n pale,, s h i n i n g , conspicuous b e n e a t h , s e c o n d a r y v e i n s 4 to o pairs, i n t e r m e d i a t e 4 to
0, t r a n s v e r s e v e i n l e t s conspicuous, raised, s t r a i g h t ; leaf sheaths striate, glabrous, ciliate
on t h e ei^ges, e n d i n g . i n a n a r r o w r i n g w i t h a f e w stiff c u r v e d b r i s t l e s ; liff^le m o d e r a t e ly
b r o a d , hairy without. Inflorescence a t e r m i n a l panicle, surroimdod witli sheatliing
INDIAN BAMBUSEiE.i GAMBLE. 11
b r a c t s , h a i r y at t h e base and ciliate o n the edges, t h e s p i k e l e t s in v e r t i c i l l a t o clusterson
thin, wavy, scabrous, hairy p e d i c c l s ; raciiis h a i i y , flattened on one side.
Spilcelets 1 to 1-5 in; long, n a r r o w , with 2 e m p t y glumes and 4 to 0 f l o w e r s;
r a c h i l l a long, '2 t o -S' in., f l a t t e n e d , h a i r y , c i i i a t e at the clavate t o p ; emptjj glumes
2, o v a t e - l a n c e o l a t e , m u c r o n a t e , 5- to 7 - n e r v e d , scabrous, h a i r y o n t h e b a c k ; ^oeiierwi/
•0 in. long, l a n c c o l a t e , long m u c r o n a t e , scabrous, h a i r y above, 7 - n e r v e d ; palea n e a r ly
as long, b i m u c r o n a t e , 2-keelcd, c i l i a t e on t h e keels. Lodiculos 3, obovate, f a i n t l y n e r v e d,
l o n g ciliate, one r a t h e r s h o r t e r a n d n a r r o w e r . Stamens a p p a r e n t l y not e x s e r t e d ; aiithem
e n i a r g i n a t e , t h e c o n n e c t i v e not p r o d u c e d , but the cells crowned with a f e w v e r y fine
•white hairs. Ovary lineax'-oblong, glabrous, -vv-ith a very short style and 2 long
p l u m o s e stigmas. Caryopsis not k n o w n.
K h a s i a a n d J a i n t i a H i l l s .of A s s a m : c o l l e c t e d b y G r i f f i t h at Moflong in 1835; by
H o o k e r in 1 8 5 0 ; by C. IB. Clarke at Sohra, 4,500 f t . in 1S72; a n d by G. M a n n on
t h e Mangot r i v e r n e a r J o w a i , J a i n t i a Hills, at 3,500 . f t . in 1889 and at Nungklaw,
K h a s i a Hills, at 3 , 0 0 0 f t . in 1890.
T h i s species is d i s t i n g u i s h e d f r o m A. callosa, the o t h e r t h o r n y species, b y its q u i te
d i f f e r e n t inflorescence, smaller leaves a n d p e c u l i a r c u l m - s h e a t h . The woolly n o d e s of t he
culms a n d b r a n c h l e t s a n d t h e h a i r s on the apices of the a n t h e r s are, h o w e v e r , the best
g e n e r a l c h a r a c t e r s . As s t a t e d b y Munro, it seems to h a v e only once b e e n c o l l e c t e d in
flower, namely, b y t h e A s s am D e p u t a t i o n u n d e r W a l l i c h a n d G r i f f i t h f o r t h e e x a m i n a t i on
of t h e tea p l a n t . The K h a s i a n a m e is Khnap (G. M a n n ) ; but M a n n ' s K h a s i a s p e c i m en
b e a r s the name U-spar, which is also t h a t of A. callosa. The culms a r e used for
t y i n g t h e t h a t c h of n a t i v e houses.
PLATE No. 9,—A r u n d i n a r i a Grifithiana, Munro. 1, l e a f - b r a n c h ; 2, flowering b r a n c h;
3, c u l m - s h e a t h — o f natural size; 4, s p i k e l e t ; 5 & 6, e m p t y g l u m e s ; 7, flowering g l u m e;
8, p a l e a ; 9, l o d i c u l e s ; 10, a n t h e r ; 11, o v a r y and s t i g m a s ; 12, l e a f - s h e a t h ; 13, transv
e r s e v e n a t i o n of leaf—e n l a r g e d . (No. 3 f r o m M a n n ' s s p e c i m e n s ; rest f r o m G r i f f i t h ' s,
k i n d l y lent by t h e Dii-ector of t h e R o y a l G a r d e n s , Kew.)
10. ARUNDINARIA CALLOSA, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. x s v i , 30.
A s h m b b y t h o r n y bamboo. Culms 12 t o 20 f t . h i g h , '5 to i in. i n d i a m e t e r , g r e y -
ish-gi-een, smooth, s t r i a t e w h e n y o u n g ; nodes r a i s e d i n a r i n g w h i c h is s u b t e n d e d by t he
b a s e of t h e f a l l e n s h e a t h f r i n g e d w i t h soft b r o w n hairs, and whicli is s t u d d e d w i th
s h o r t t h i c k conical spines, t h e said spines b r e a k i n g t h r o u g h t h e s h e a t h -when t h e l a t t er
i s d e t a c h e d ; i n t e r n o d e s 6 to 10 in. long, n e a r l y solid at b a s e , t h e w a l l s h i g h e r up r a t h er
t h i n , (-15 in. in t h i c k n e s s ) . Culm-sheaths as l o n g as or longer t h a n the i n t e r n o d e s,
loose, t h i n , s t r i a t e , smooth, t r a n s v e r s e l y v e i n e d , c i l i a t e on t h e edges, g r a d u a l l y a t t e n u a te
upwai-ds f r o m a s o f t l y h a i r y base to a -2 in. t r u n c a t e t i p ; imperfect Made -o to 1 in.
l o n g , subulate, hah-y w i t h o u t a n d w i t h i n , d e c u r r e n t on t h e s h e a t h in l o n g - f r i n g e d short
a u r i c l e s ; ligule -1 in., fimbriate. Leaoes 8 to 9 in. long, -7 to 1-3 in. b r o a d , oblong
l a n c e o l a t e , t h i n ; somewJaat u n e q u a l l y a t t e n u a t e at base into a -1 to -3 in. long
p e t i o l e w h i c h . i s swollen at its b a s e ; e n d i n g above in a scabrous, a c u m i n a t e p o i n t;
finely glandular-scabro-us above, e s p e c i a l l y . on the m a r g i n a l veins, palo and pubescent
beneath,- scabrous- • s e r r a t e on t h e edges; maiji vein p r o m i n e n t , s h i n i n c , h a i r y on the
u p p e r s u r f a c e ; s e c o n d a r y veins 5 to 8 p a i r s c o n s p i c u o u s ; i n t e r m e d i a t e 5 t o 6; t r a n s v e r se
AKN, ROT, BÜT. GAHD CALCUITA, TOL. Y I I.