I N D O - M A L A Y A N SPECIES
fleprcssed vertically and flattened laterally, moro or less angled, from I in. to 1-25 in.
longr; the involucre thick-walled, brittle, bearing externally 3 or 4 irregular, transverse,
faintly tuberculate, wavy zones; wbon young deprossed-giobose, 3 or 4-angled, narrowed
to a short, thick peduncle; the zones interrupted and niai-ked by double rows of bold
hard short tubercles ; dehiscing irregularly or not at all. Uipe nuts single and ovoid,
or two or three and ovoid-complanate, adpressed-pnbescent or glabrous, the rugose hilum
occupying one-third of the w h o l e—/ / o o i . F L Br. Ind. v. Q2S.-—CaUwocarj)us Sumatrana,
Miq. PL Jungh. 13.; Fl. Itid. Bat. i. 868 (esci, syri.) ; Suppl. 353; Ann. Mus. Lugd!
Bat. i. US.—Capitanea inermis, Lindi, in Wall. PI As. Ear. ii. 6; Wall. Cat. 27G2 ;
DC. Prod. svi. ii. 116 ; Kurz For. Flor. Burnì, ii. 481—(7. mitifica, Hance in Journ.
Bot. for 1878, '¿OO.— Castanea glomerata, Blame Mus. Lugd. Bat. i. 2'iZ.— Qiiercus
glomerata, Wail, (not of Roxb.) Cat. 2791.
Sumatra, Java, lAn^a—various collectors; Borneo,—Aceran (P.^. 2756, 2973); Singapore,—
WulUch ; Malacca,—CVi^M 14442, 4470 ) ; Burmah,—íín/í^/i (4471 ), Maingmj ( 1457) ;
Perak and Fenang,—King^s Collector^ ScortccUni.
A large tree, widely distributed in the Malayan region, and readily distinguished
by its itivoluores. Good specimens of it are, however, by no means common iu collections,
and hence the rather extensive synonymy. The first published name for the
plant (1831) was that of Liadley, viz. Castanea inermis (Wallieh's Plantee Asiatica: Bariores).
This name was founded on specimens which Wallich had previously distributed under
this name as No. 2762 of his Catalogue. Wallich, however, also distributed this
species under the number 2791 and the name Qucrcus glomerata, Roxb. But the
specimens so named by Wallich were not Roxburgh's Q. glomerata, a plant which must
be a true Quercus, as is evident from Roxburgh's description of its "acorns" as "ovate,
smooth, half hid in the tubercled cup." Blume, accepting Wallieh's No. 2791 as really
Roxburgh's plant, re-named it Castanea glomerata. On specimens of this plant collected
in Sumatra, Miquel founded his getius Callmcarpus and his species C. Sumatrana [PL
Jungh. 13). The same author was the Brst to point out {Fl. Ind. Bat. I.e.) the identity
of his own C. Sumatrana with Wallieh's Q. glomerata. M. De Cando lie reduced Callceocarpus
to a section of Caistanopsis, and in this he has been followed by Messrs. Bentham
and Hooker. The late Dr. Hance, while admitting that he had never seen good
specimens of C. Sumatrana, described {Journ. Bot. I.e.), under the name of 0. mitifica, a
species which he remarked must be near C. Sumatrana. I have examined Dr. Hance's
type specimen of C. mitifica in the British Museum, and I cannot see how it is to be
separated from C. Sumatrana.
M. De Candolle describes the involucres of C. Sumatrana as containing three nuts,
but his description indicates that only one of them usually attains full size. As a matter
of fact two of the nuts are sometimes developed, and between them there is wedged a
small, flattened, aborted third nut. In other involucres only a single nut attains maturity.
PLATE 97.—(7. Sumatrana, A. DC. 1, branch with young spikes; 2, spike with
expanded male flowers; 3, spike of ripe fruit; 4, involucre containing two uuts {seen
from the side) ; 6, involucre containing one nut,—o/natural size.
16. CASTANOPSIS HULLETTII, King in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. v. 623.
Young shoots thick, minutely scurfy-tomentóse, lenticellate. Leaves coriaceous,
oblong-lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate to elliptic, acute or sub-acute, entire ; the base
ficute or sub-acute, sometimes rounded and slightly unequal-sitled ; upper surface glabrous,
O F CASTANOPSIS. 105
shining, the midrib very prominent; lower sm-face dull, rufous; everywhere very minutely
adpressed-furfuraceous-pubescent, except the 16 to 18 pairs of nerves which are glabrous
and prominent; the midi-ib sparsely sub-adpressed, pubcscent or glabrous, stout; length
of blade 5 to 9 in., breadth 2 to 3 in.; petiole -75 to 1-25 ia. Male spikes in axillary
or terminal fulvous-tomcntose panicles. Fmale spikes solitary, axillary; the rachis rugose,
thick, furfuraceous-tomentose, like that of the males; flowers in groups of three or four. Rij)«
fruit sessile, about 1-5 in. in diameter, depressed, sub-globose, sometimes constricted
towards the base, obscurely three or four-angled ; the involucre thick-wallcd, with
three or four rather prominent vertical grooves externally, and about four sets of very
prominent, thick, wavy, more or less tuberculate, horizontal ridges; dehiscing to near
the base into 3 or 4 unequal valves. J^uts two to four, hemispheric-complanate, about
•65 in. long, shining, smooth, sparsely covered with retroversed, adjDrcssed-fuIvous
hairs; the hilum large, dull, rugose, glabrous.
Singapore,—i?. II. Eullctt, King's Collector; King's Collector; Malacca,—jífí^iW
(1463); l\Í0M,~Tegsmann ; Billiton, Riedel.
A large tree, rather common in Perak. The nearest ally of this is C. Stmatrana, A. DC.
from which its many-nerved leaves and remarkable involucre distinguish it. The pubescence
on the under surface of the leaves is extremely minute and, without the aid
of a lens, and of a knife to scrape it off, it cannot in many cases be made out, and
the leaves appeal- as if they were glabrous.
PLATE 98.'—C. Hullettii, King. 1, branch with male and female spikes; 2, spike of
ripe fruit; 8, a dehiscing involucre; 4, glans,—all of natural size.
17. CASTANOPSIS SCHEFFEBIANA, Hance in Journ. Bot. for 1878, 200.
Young shoots cinerescent. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic-lanceolate, shortly acuminate,
entire; the base acute; both surfaces quite glabrous, the upper shining; nerves 7 to 9
paii-s, indistinct; length of blade 2-5 to 3-5 in., breadth 1 in. to 1-5 in. ; petiole -5
in. Fmale sjiikes solitary, axillaiy, glabrous, much longer than the leaves; the flowers
in threes. Ripe fmit sub-globose, slightly flattened on one side, about 1-5 in. in
diameter; the involucre indehiscent, thick-walled, woody externally, densely covered
with numerous tufts of simple or branching, stout, prismatic, pubescent spines '2 inlong,
with sharp, glabrous, slightly hooked apices; the tufts arranged in wavy zones.
JShits 1 to 3, ovoid-complanate, sparsely covered with minute rufous-pubescence.
Island of Linga,—Teysmann.
The nearest ally of this is C. rhamnifolia, A. DC., but the leaves of this are much more
coriaceous, quite glabrous, and of slightly different shape ; the involucre, moreover, is of a
different shape. Male spikes are unknown.
PLATE yO.—C. Seheferiana, Hance. Branch with ripe f r u i t , - s i z e .
18. CASTAKOPSIS EIIAMNIFOLIA, A. DC. Prod. : . ii. 113.
Young shoots minutely cinereous, puberulous. speedily glabrescent, lenticellate. Leaves
thinly coriaceous, ovate-elliptic or elliptic-oblong, with a short, blunt acumen, entirethe
base acute, glabrous on both surfaces, except tiie midrib which on the lower is
sometimes minutely adpressed-puberulous; length of blade 3-5 to 6 in., breadth 1-5 to
ANN. Hoy. Bor . GAUD. CAI-CUTTA, VO II,