LEPIDOBALANUS.
PLATE 16B.—(J. dilatata, Lindl. 4, branch with spikes of male flowers ; 5, branch with
ripe imity—of natural size ; 6 & 7, male flowers: enlarged.
4. QUERCUS ILEX, Linn. 8p. PL 995.
Young shoots and petioles stellate-pubescent. Leaves shortly petiolate, coriaceous,
varying from oval, ovate-oblong, to elliptic-lanceolate, blunt or acute; edges entire or
spinose-deutate; base rounded, sub-cordate or acute; upper surface stellate-pubescent
when young, glabrous when adult; lower densely covered with minute, pale grey, stellate
tomentum, or minutely scaly; lateral nerves 4 to 10 pairs, not prominent and not
conspicuously bifurcate; length of blade l-2O in. to 2-5 in., breadth -75 in. to 1-75 in.;
petiole about -So in. Male spikes rather short, crowded; bracts ovate-acuto to obovale,
pilose externally, as is the obtusely 5- to 6-lobed perianth; anthers 3 or more, shortly
hairy. Female spikes short, erect, few-flowered; styles 3 to 5, linear, recurved, spreading.
Acorns solitary or in pairs ; the cupule campanulate or cylindric, '5 in. deep by -6
in. in diameter, embracing nearly the lower half of the ripo glans; its scales woody,
adpressed, ovate-acute, diminishing in size upwards; connate and pubescent below; the
tips free and glabrous. Glans cylindric, conic, pale brown, glabrous when quite ripe,
or 3 times as long as the cupule.—ZIHN. Sp. PL 2nd ed. 1412; Smith in Rees' Encye. 29.
No. 32; Peichh. Ic. FL Germ. 1307. t 642; OC. Prod. svi. ii. 39; Lorn. FL Or. iv. 1168;
Kotschy Eichen i. 38; Brandis For. Flora 480; Gamile Ind. Timh. 383; Book. FL Brit.
Ind. v. 602; Nouv. Duham. 7. t. 43.—Q. calicina and expansa, Poir. Diet. Suppl. 2.
217.—Q. Ealoot, Gri2. Itin. Not. 328; DC. Prod. svi. ii. 38.—(2- Balout, Boiss. Fl. Or. iv.
1168; "Wenzig iu Jahrb. Bot. Gai-t. Berl. iv. 200.*
Afghanistan and the drier parts of the Himalaya as far east as the Sutlej, at
elevations of 3,000 to 8,500 feet. Distribution: the Mediterranean region, Asia iVIinor,
Lebanon.
A small tree, 20 to 40 feet high ; sometimes higher, but more frequently rather a
bush than a tree. The Indian specimens diiSer iu DO essential character from the European,
but on the whole the leaves of the Indian are smaller, more oval, and their pubescence
is paler. The Afghan plant, first collected by Griffith and regarded as a species by him
{Q. Baloot\ has the pubescence on the under surface of its leaves rather scaly than
stellate; but I can see no other difierence from Q. Bex. It is, however, still kept distinct
by De Candolle, Bossier, and "Wenzig.
PLATE 17, —Q. Bex^ Linn. 1, branch with male catkins; 2, branch with broadly ovate
leaves and ripe fruit; 3, branch with spinose-dentate leaves; 4, branch with lanceolate leaves
and young fmit,—all of nakmtl size ; 5, male flower: enlarged.
5. QUERCUS GBIFFITHII, Hook. fiL and Thorns. DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 14.
Young shoots and petioles covered with grey pubescence; ultimattdy glabrescent or
glabrous. Leaves obovate, obovate-oblong, or cuneate, acute or sub-acuminate, more or less
coarsely dentate-serrate, sometimes entire towards the much narrowed base ; upper surface
more or less smooth and shining when adult, pubescent when young ; lower surface niinutely
pubescent when adult, softly pubescent when young, often pale; nerves 12 tn 16 pairs, bold
* In tlio synonymy qnotcd above I liave not given tlio n
witJiiu Indian limits,
rs cf tliose varieties ot ill is si)ccies wliich do not occur
LEPIDOBAL.i^•US. 25
and prominent; length of blade 5 to 8 in., breadth (at broadest part) 2-o to 4 in. ; petioles -3
in. long; stipules linear, hairy, fugaceous, -5 in. long. Male spikes crowded at the base of the
young shoots, sub-pendulous; perianth deeply 5 to 6-cleft, hairy; stamens 8 to 12; the
anthers broad, hairy. Acorns in clusters of 2 or 3 near the apices of the branches, subsessile;
the cupxile hemispherical, '25 in. deep and about -5 in. in diameter, slightly sericeous
externally, nearly smooth internally; the scales closely adpressed, ovate-acuminate, not
more than 'lain. Jong; the upper rows the narrowest; glans twice as long as the cupule,
elongate-ovoid, smooth; the united bases of the styles pubescent, persistent. —Miquel in Ann.
Miis. Lmjd. Bat. i. 104; Wenzig in Jahrb. BoL Gart. BerL iv. 218; Gamb. Ind. Tmi. 381 ;
I-Iook. FL Br. Ind. v. 602.
Khasia Hills,— Griffith, Simons, J. D. Hooker, Mann, Olarka and others; Naga Hills,—
Wait, Pruin, Clarke ; Burmah,—Brandis.
A considerable tree, growing at elevations of from 3,000 to 6,000 feet.
VAR. OBLONGA.
Leaves oblong, slightly obovate, shortly acuminate, sub-entire or slightly dentate;
under surface puberulous or sub-glabrous, not pale.
Naga Hills at Kohima,—C. B. Clarke (41481) ; Khasia Tii\\s,—Mann.
This is a very distinct and constant variety.
This species must come very near Q. aliena, Bl. Neither Blume's original description
[Mus. BoL Litgd. BaL i. 286) nor De Candolle's {Prod. xvi. ii. 14) contains any account
of the male flowers or acorns of aliena. There are, however, good specimens from the
St. Petersburgh Museum in the collections at Kew, Calcutta, and in the British Museum;
and, except that the acorns of aliena are rather larger than those of Gri^ithii, and that the
leaves of aliena are generally more glabrous, I cannot see how the two differ. Q. Griffithii
comes also near Mungolica^ Fisch., crispula, Bl., and grosse.-serrata, Bl. ; and I think it high]}'
probable that, when fuller materials are got together, it will be found that the foregoing are
merely different names for one plant which is distributed from the Eastern Himalayas
and the valley of tho Bhramaputra and Irrawady to Mongolia and Japan.
PLATIS 18.—Q. Griffithii, Hook flh and Thorns. 1, branch with ripe acorns; 2 young
branch with male spikes,—0/««¿uraJ 3, male flower; 4, male perianth (from another
specimen); 5, stamens of No. 4 ; 6, acorn ; 7, two scales from cupule; enlarged.
6. QUERCUS LANUGINOSA, Don. Prodr. FL Ncp. 57.
Young shoots and leaves densely tawny or rufous-tomentose. Leaves coriaceous, oblonglanceolate
or elliptic-oblong, acute, coai-sely serrate, especially in the upper two-thirds;
the teeth triangular, not spinose; slightly narrowed and entire towards the obtuse or subacute,
never cordate, base; the upper surface when adult glabrous; lower more or less
tomentose, except the 9 to 14 pairs of stout nerves which are glabrous; length of blade
3-5 in.^ to 8 in., breadth 1 -5 to 3-5 in.; petioles -5 in. to -75 in., tomentose; stipules ovate,
hairy in the middle outside, the edges scarious. Male spikes crowded, much shorter thau
the leaves; bracteoles ovate-acute, ciliate; perianth broadly 5 to 6-cleft, pilose externally;
!,nthers 7 to 10, glabrous. Female inflorescence few-flowered, tomentose; styles linear!
Avorns solitary or in pairs, axillary, sessile; cupule woody, hemispheric,-embracing
the lower half of the ovoid, umbonate glaus; scales of the cupule adpressed, wood}"
ovate.—J>C. Prod. xvi. ii. 51; Brandis For. Flora 481; Gamble Ind. Timh. 384; Hook.