^ AU T O C A I I P U S
and has a blunt apex: while, in those where the surface of the ripe synearplum is
smooth, tlie indiyidual authocarps are united into a fleshy mass from base to apes.
I n all three cases, however, the apex oi the individual anthocarp remains perforated,
so that the stigma can pass out to the open air. Bach fomalo flower contains only a
Sin.d0 ovary, which is free, and, as has been indicated, its style (which is cyhndrical)
pastes upwards through the tubular perianth, so that its upper part also is earned out
into the open air-, this upper part being well supplied with stigmatic ti^ne. I have
never met in this genus with the peltate stigma mentioned by some writers. The smgle
ovule is pendulous. As both the anthers and stigmas are well exserted when mature,
the meohanisur of fertilisation must be very simple. Only a few, however, el the ovules
in any syncarpium develope into seeds, those which do thus dcvelope bemg enclosed m
a m e L L o u s or coriaceous anthocarp. The perianths of the mrfertdrsed flowers remaru
distinct until a very late period, and can be distinguished, on drssectron even up to
the time when seeds are nearly ripe. The seeds are penddous and have a membra^aous testa;
t y are exalbnmirrons, the cotyledons being thici and fleshy. Peltate scales, of the
sort already described, occur on the female receptacle. . , .
The leaves of Arto^arpu. are alternate, coriaceous, and penumerved; for the most
part entire, but in a few species coarsely lobed. Wlren dried, they much resemble those
of Kcu,, as to some extent do the stipules; and when fruotiacation is absent heAarrum
specimens of the two genera are not readily distinguishable. Thus Mrquol orrgrnally
described his Artooarfu. Tan,an, as B . » Tampan,; and I have seen, iu several collections
fruitless specimens of Artocarpns Oom^iana named J « » «fcr.^fe™, and v,ce « « .
Stipules are invariably present; and in all the British-Indian species there rs a parr of
these at the base of each leaf. In some species the stipules are very large and embrace
the young leaf-buds; in others they are small and insigniEcant: but m all cases they
are deciduous. All the species are trees, and all have milky jmce.
Irecul as has been already indicated, divided the genus mto two sub-gencra,-
J - » « and Fseuia-Ja.a. The characters of his Jaoa are-" » f e ^»„^»i™ af 2 U«. «ore
„ fa» cokerin, U^.tker; .tipules 2, au,U«»ul, tke one „/<•«.», tk, otke,- ty
l e true that in A. I . » . « - » - , »pedes, by the way, winch Trecul never saw-the two
pieces of the male perianth are deft to the base, and that the perranth thus becomes
I l e a v e d ; but the arrangement obtains in no other Br.trsh-Indran specrcs Trecul states
l a t in ^ M , . the male perianth is S-phjIlous, but I find rt to be 2.phyIIous, oaeh
piece being in some cases cleft neri y to its base. The ternary variatron rn the per,a„th,
T e l did it occur, would not be important; aud I cannot regard as o much va uc the
of irecurs character taien from this. And the part of hrs character whch .s
' led frol the stipules is founded on a mistake; for, as a matter of fact, the leaf of
O F BEITISH IN-DIA. 5
every one of tho fifteen Indo-Malayan species described by him has two stipules at the
point of its Junction with the stem, at tho same level, and therefore " opposite." As
the stipules vary much in size, so dnes their attachment cover a larger or smaller part
of the stem. The large stipules encircle the stem, leaving, when they fall, bold annular
cicatrices. The smaller stipules have but a small line of attachment; their cicatrices
are correspondingly small, and of course do not meet to form a ring. Sometimes the
attachment of one of a pair of stipules extends partly into the axil of its leaf, and it
thus becomcs " intra-pctiolarwhile the twin stipule originates from the stem, either in
the normal lateral situation or a little further from the leaf than usual. But in all the
principle of attachment is the same. Moreover, even were Trecul's stipular character
based on fact, it is a difficult one to work in the Herbarium ; for the stipules of the
genus are so deciduous that they are rarely found in dried specimens. I propose therefore
to abandon Trecul's division into Jaca and Pseudo-Jaca, and to arrange the species
of British India into two groups, according as the apices of the anthocarps on the female
inflorescence are free at the apes, or are completely united. The former arrangement
gives a spiny or tuberculate, and the latter a smooth, syncarpium.
I ought to explain that, by British India, I understand the Peninsula of Hindustan,
Ceylon, Bui-mah and the Malayan Peninsula ; with the islands of Penang and Singapore,
and the Nicobar and Andaman groups.
ANN. Boi'. G.\RD. CALC, VOL. II.