7 0 CHAMY DO B A L A N U S .
pubescent. Mature female spikes rather longer than tho leaves, solitary, axillary;
the rachis very thick, lejjidote-puberulous, much lenticellate, the flowers solitary.
Acorus solitary ou very stout, short, pedicels; depressed-turbinate when young,
hemispheric-conic wheu adult; the cupule closely enveloping the whole of the glans
except the styles; when young echinulate-puberulous, when mature faintly banded; -lb
in in diameter and -S in. long. Ripe glans conic-hemispheric with a truncate base.—
Hook. Jil. Fl. Br. Lid. v. 615; Blume Uus. Lugcl. Bat. i. 2SS; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 1.
863; Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat i, 116; DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 103; Wcmig in Jahrb. Bot.
Gart. Berl iv. 237.
Borneo,—A'orMii/iS; Sumatra,—Perak, Scortechini {without number); King's CoUeaior {S222);
at elevations of from 3,000 to i ,000 feet.
A tree, 40 to 50 feet high. In tho half-ripe condition the glans of this species is
concave at the base and very much depressed; when mature it becomes more hemispherical
with a conical apex and truncate base. The cupule splits ii-regulavly but
•\^ertically in its upper half when it is quite ripe, thus allowing the glans to escape. In
its leaves this somewhat resembles Q. Cuntlei/ana, King, and c)/clophora, Endl.; but it
difiers from both entirely in its fruit. This species is represented in the Leiden
Herbarium by three leaf specimens, some male spikes, and a single acorn. Two of
t h e leaf specimens are named apparently in Korthals' own handwriting. The leaves of
these are thinner in texture than my Perak specimens, but otherwise they agree.
There is a single specimen fi'om Leiden in M. De Candolle's Herbarium. Korthals'
excellent figure and description, however, leave no doubt as to this species.
PLATE 6 9 B .—B l u m e a n a , Korth. 6, leaf-twig; 7, spike of half-ripe acorns; 8, ripe
acorn, the cupule having split in its Tipper half; 9, cupule from which acorn has
escaped; 10, young cupule opened up; 11, glans seen from above; 12, from the side;
13, from below; li, male spike,—all of natural sise.
69. QUEKCUS DISCOCAEPA, Ilance Journ. of Botany for 1874, 242.
Young shoots covered with minute furfuraceous tomentum, lenticellate. Leavc.-^
coriaceousr lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, entire; the base acute;
upper surface glabrous, the lower minutely rufous-tomentose; the 9 or 10 pairs of nerves
thin, but prominent; length of blade 3-5 in. to 5 in., breadth 1-25 in. to 2 in.; petiole
•25 in., stout. Spikes in erect, terminal, spreading, toraentose panicles; the fcmala spikes
short, few in number, and only at the apices of the paniclcs; fmaU flowers solitary.
Ripe fruit -5 in. long and -75 in. broad, sub-sessile, hemispheric or turbinate; tho base
truncate and concave; the involucre completely investing the wliole of the glans except
t h e styles, minutely tawny-tornentose, and bearing numerous tufts or broken lines of
simple or branching, spreading, pubescent, sharp-pointed, thin spines, from -15 in. to -3
in. long. Glans of the same shape as the involucro, twice as broad as long, minutely
adpressed-pubescent; the base very concave.—Jí.oí. fit. Fl. Br. Ind. v. ^IQ.— Casianopsis
discocarpa, Hance Journ. Bot. for 1878, 201.
Bangka,—Tc^/swzanra; P e r a l i ,—C o l l e c t o r (5482).
Mr. Kunstler describes this as a tree from 100 to 130 feet high. In leaf it resembles
Custanopsis, but the fruit is quite different. Hance originally described this as a Quercus,
but he subsequently coiisidered that, if the genus Custanopsis is to be kept up, it must
C I I AMY DOB A L A K C S . ' '
be transferred to it. As the involucres are indehiscent and never contain more than one
glans, I do not see why this should not be kept where its lamented author originally
put it, viz. in Chamydobahnus. It is closely allied to Q. refiexa, which iias, however,
glabrous leaves and simple involucral spines.
PLATE 70.—Q. dizcoearpa, Hance. 1, branch with inflorescence; 2, spike of ripefruifc;
3 & 4, ripe fruits (from another specimen) ; 5, young fruit,—aZi of natural size.
69 BIS. QUEECUS "WRAYII, King, nov. spec.
Young parts, and especially the branches, densely and minutely fulvous-tomentose;
the older branches pale, glabrous. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, caudate-acuminate; the edges
when diy reflexed; the base acute, unequal-sided; upper surface pale, sparsely and
minutely stelhite-tomentosa; the midrib densely tomentose; lower surface puberulous, glabrescent
with age; nerves 12 to 15 pairs, prominent on both surfaces, but especially on
the lower; length of blade 6 to 8 in., breadth 1-5 to 2 in., petiole -15 in. Fruit on
axillary tomentose spikes shorter than the leaves; acorns sessile, solitary; cupule fulvoustomentose,
depressed; when young almost discoid, enveloping the whole of the glans,
and completely covered by stout simple radiating spines, straight except at the extreme
apex which is hooked. Glans depressed, fulvous-sericeous.
Kota, in Perak,—Mr. L. Wray, Junior.
This species approaches discocarp>a, Hance, and refleza, King, but differs f rom both
in leaf as well as in fruit. Mr. Wray has as yet collected no male flowers, and liis only
specimens of fruit are young. The figure which I give shows, therefore, only immature
fruit, but the degree of its immaturity it is impossible to determine.
PLATE 104.—Q. Wrayii, King. Twig with young leaves and immature fruit,—O/
natural size.
70, QUEECUS CONFRAGOSA, King in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. v. 616.
Young shoots covered with pale, deciduous sciirf. Leaves rigidly coriaceous, from
oblong-lanceolate to ellipiic-oblong, acute or very sliortly and bluntly cuspidate; edges
entire, slightly recm-ved; the base acute; upper surface canescent, lepidote or glabrous;
lower uniformly covcred with a layer of minute, dense, whitish tomentum; the midrib
and nerves sub-glabrous when old; nerves 6 or 7 pairs, obsolete on the upper, bold
and prominent on the lower surface; length of blade 5-5 to 7 in., breadth 2 to 3 in. j
petiole about -o in., stout. Fi-idiing-spikes longer than the leaves, rather slender.
Cupules solitary, sessile; when young, globular and enveloping all but the apex of the
glans; when ripe, globular with depressed apes and slightly contracted base, completely
enveloping tho glans, irregularly and coarsely tuberculate; 1'25 in. in diameter and 1-1
in. high. Ripe glans completely enveloped by the cupule, depressed-hemispheric; the base
tmncate, concave, minutely tomentose, 1 in. in diameter and from '6 to '75 in. high-
Male spikes unknown.
Ter&k,—King's Collector (Nos. 8123 and SISS); at low elevations.
A tree, 40 to 50 feet high. Tho leaves of this resemble those of Q. induta, Bl.,
but they have fewer nerves and are more coriaceous than those of that species. The
cupules of this -are very remai-k-able and unlike those of most species of oak. They