former is only drawn into action in combination with the other
muscles of the face in expressing passion, or in some convulsive
excitement of the organ. In laughing and crying the outer and
more powerful muscle is in action, gathering up the shin about the
eye, and forcing back the eyeball itself.
In drunkenness, which produces a sort of temporary paralysis,
the eyelids are disposed to close, and there is an attempt to raise
the upper eyelid by a forcible elevation of the eyebrow; and very
often the character is completed by an unequal elevation of the
eyebrows. We may observe this in Hogarth’s print of A Midnight
Modern Conversation, Gin-lane, and several others.
So in the exhausted state of long suffering the heavy eyelid,
half covering the pupil, and elevated eyebrow, are indicative of
great weakness and dejection.
MUSCLES MOVING THE NOSTRILS.
d . Marks a muscle which arises from the upper jaw, and descends
to be attached to the upper lip and the nostril. From this it
is called L evator L a b ii Super io r is A ljeque N asi. It raises
the upper lip and the nostril.
e . A set of fibres which compress the nostril, viz. Compressor
N asi.
The D epressor A l® N asi cannot be seen in this plate, as it
lies under the orbicularis oris. It arises near the alveoli of the incisor
teeth, and is inserted into the moveable cartilage which makes
the nostril.
These three muscles serve to expand and contract the tube of
the nostril. They move in consent with the muscles of respiration,
and thus the inflation of the nostrils indicates general excitement
and animal activity. The expression in the dilated nostril gives
spirit to the whole countenance; it implies a preparation for activity
in the whole frame.
m u s c l e s o f t h e l i p s .
f . The L evator L a b ii P ropr ius. It arises from the upper jaw
bone near the orbit. It is attached to the upper lip exclusively;
it raises the upper lip.
g. The L evator A n g u li Or is . This muscle, lying under the last,
is of course shorter: it raises the angle of the mouth.
h . The Z ygomatic M u s c l e ; so called because its origin is from
the Zygomatic process of the cheek bone. It is inserted into
the angle of the mouth.
There is sometimes an additional muscle of this name—the
Z ygomaticus M in o r .