He thus describes the type of the Gall:
“ The head is so round as to approach the spherical form; the forehead is moderate,
slightly protuberant, and receding towards the temples; eyes large and open; the nose,
from the depression at its commencement to its termination, almost straight — that is to
say, without any marked curve; its extremity is rounded, as well as the chin; the stature
medium. It will be seen that the features are perfectly in harmony with the form of the
head.”
In the northern part of Gaul, the principal seat of the Belgse, you
again encounter the same striking coincidence.
“ In a previous journey I traversed a great part o f the coast of Gallia Belgica of Caesar,
from the mouth of the Somme to that of the Seine. It was here that I distinguished, for
the first time, the assemblage of traits which constitutes the other type, and often to such
an exaggerated degree that I was very forcibly struck; the long head, the broad, high forehead
; the curved nose, with the point below and wings tucked u p ; the chin boldly developed;
and the stature tall.”
M. Edwards bas pursued tbis type in its various settlements, with
numerous and valuable scientific results. He concludes a division of
bis subject with the following strong-language:
“ Without the preceding discussions, and the facts we have just unravelled, how could
we recognize the Gaulois in the north of Italy, among the Sicules, the Eigur.es, the Etruscans,
the Venetes, the Romans, the Goths, the Lombards ? But we possess the thread to
guide us. First, whatever may have beea the anterior state, it is certain, from your researches
(M. Thierry’s), and the unanimous accord of all historians, that the Peuples Gaulois
have predominated in the north of Italy, between the Alps and Apennines. We find them
established there in a permanent manner, according to the first lights of history. The
most authentic testimony represents them with all the characters of a great nation, from this
remote period down to a very advanced point of Roman history. Here is all I demand.
I have no need to occupy myself with other people who have mingled with them since; to
discuss their relative numbers—the iiature of their language—the duration of their establishment.
It is sufficient for me to know that the G a u lo is have existedJn great numbers.
I know the features of their compatriots in Trans-Alpine Gaul. I find them again in Cis-
Alpine Gaul.”
It bas often struck us, tbat, even in tbe beterogeneous population
of our United States, we could trace tbese European ancient races.
The tall figure and aquiline nose of tbe Cymbrian are generally seen
together; while the,traits of the Gaul are more frequently accompanied
by short stature.
The Celts and Cymbri have spread themselves extensively through
Eastern Europe, beyond the limits of Gaul and Italy: but, for our
objects their pursuit being irrelevant, we resume the explorations of
M. Edwards; who, after his survey of Western, takes a glance at
several other races of Eastern Europe, although he does not'claim to
have analyzed these with the same rigorous detail as those of Gaul.
The Sclavonic type, another of the thousand-and-one Caucasians
whose types stretch beyond the reach of history, is thus described by
our observant ethnologist; and it seems to be just as distinct and
sharply marked over half of Europe, as that of the Jews everywhere:
“ The contour of the head, viewed in front, approaches nearly to a square; the height
surpasses a little the breadth; the summit is sensibly flattened; and the direction of the
jaw is horizontal. ' The -length of the nose is less than the distance from its base t8 the
chin; it is almost straight from the depression at its root, that is to say, without decided
curvation; but, if'appreciable'; it is slightly concave, so that the end has a tendency to turn
u p ; the inferior part is rather large, and the extremity rounded. The eyes, rather deep-
set,' are perfectly on the same lin e ; and when they have any particular character, they are
smaller than the proportion of the head would seem to indicate. The eyebrows are thin,
and very near the eyes, particularly at the internal angle; and from this point, are often
directed obliquely outwards. The mouth, which is not salient, has thin lips, and is much
nearer to the nose than to the top of the chin. Another singular characteristic may be
added, and which is very general: viz., their small beard, except on the upper lip. Such
is the common type among the Poles, Silesians, Moravians, Bohemians, Sclavonic Hungarians,
and is very common among the Russians.”
This type is also frequent through eastern Germany, and although
it has become much'mixed with the German, their separate historical
settlements may yet be followed, and the two races traced out and
identified, like those of the Celts and Cymbri in Gaul.
History, from its commencement, has mentioned immense Caucasian
p o p u l a t i o n s , ranging throughout northern and eastern Europe arid
\yestern Asia, to the confines of Tartar and Mongol races. Erom their
remoteness, and the absence of communication, little was known anciently
about them; and even at the present day, they are looked upon
as “ outside barbarians,” exciting trivial interest among general readers.
This group, however, at all times, has cpmprised the most numerous
of all the, fair-skinned races upon earth: intellectually equal to any
others. To give the reader an idea of the actual extent of Sclavonic
races, we subjoin statistics, as quoted fiy Count Efasinski, from the
Sclavonian Ethnography of Schafiterick: —
Russia. Austria. Prussia-. Turkey. Cracow. Saxony. Total.
Moscovites, or i
Great Russians \
Little Russians, \
Ruthenians £
White Russians....
35.314.000
10.370.000
2,726,000
80,000
100,000
2.774.000
♦ 7,000
2.594.000
801,000
1.151.000
2.341.000
4.370.000
2.753.000
3,500,000
35.314.000
13.144.000
2.726.000
3.587.000
Servians and £
Illyrians • £ ’**
2,600,000 - 5,294,000
801,000
Carinthians ..........
4,912,000 1,982,000
44.000
82.000
130,000
1.151.000
9.365.000
Bohemians and ?
Moravians J
Slovacks in i
Hungary C ¡J
Lusatians, or
Wends {
0 ......
60,000
4.414.000
2.753.000
142,000
53,502,000 16,791,000 2,108,000 6,100,000 130,000 60,000 78,691,000
Erom the same Novth British Review we extract sufficient to illus